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== 关于我们 ==

IMSLP/Petrucci音乐图书馆目前是被'''Project Petrucci LLC'''拥有和管理。此公司唯一的目的是管理IMSLP/Petrucci音乐图书馆。

== 联系信息 ==

电子邮件（著作权与网站问题）：请看《[[User:Feldmahler#Contact|Feldmahler联系页]]》（英文）。

邮寄地址（任何法律或正规信函）：

:Project Petrucci LLC
:Agents and Corporations, Inc. - Registered Agent
:One Commerce Center, Suite 600
:1201 Orange Street
:Wilmington, DE 19801
:U.S.A.

'''注：电子邮件是首选，除非有特殊原因须要邮寄联系。'''
<br>其他人员联系方法可在[[IMSLP:联系表|这里]]找到。

== 图书馆统计 ==
IMSLP目前含有 '''{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Scores}}''' 部作品、'''{{#imslpsccount:us|j|1|1}}''' 张乐谱、'''{{#imslpsccount:us|j|1|2}}''' 个录音录像制品、'''{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Composers}}''' 位作曲家、 '''{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Performers}}''' 位演奏家。
{{OtherLangs:IMSLP:About}}

Template:OtherLangs:公有领域

2011-05-11T18:57:59Z

Will W W: Blanked the page

2011-04-18T18:05:42Z

Will W W:

{{:OtherLangs:Public domain}}
<center><span style="color:crimson">''Please note that the IMSLP makes no guarantee whatsoever that the information appearing on this page is legally accurate and assumes no liability or legal responsibility therefor.''</span></center>
<br>
== Basics of Canadian copyright ==
Because the two main IMSLP servers are physically hosted in Canada (one at Montreal and the other at Toronto), IMSLP follows '''Canadian copyright laws''', which may differ from your country. The briefest summary of Canadian copyright law would be that '''copyright persists for the composer or other author (if any) for 50 years after his/her death'''.

Only works that are first published in countries that are members of the WTO or Berne Convention are subject to copyright in Canada; however, in most cases this applies ''retrospectively'', unless the work was already in the public domain in its native country (i.e. the country in which the first publication occurred) when either treaty was signed.

Some works ''are'' in the public domain in the U.S., but ''not yet'' public domain in Canada and other countries. The reason for this is that the US law calculates terms from the date of first publication for all works published before 1978. If a work was published before 1923 (see [[Public domain#Works published before 1923|Pre-1923 copyright law]]), or first published in the U.S. from 1923-1963 without copyright renewal (see [[Public domain#Works published between 1923 and 1963|1923-1963 copyright law]]), it is almost certain to be public domain in the USA. IMSLP does not have a US server at present, so works in the US public domain like the Dover reprint of Stravinsky's ''Le sacre du Printemps'' cannot be posted here at the present time.

'''Please note that the total copyright length (i.e. the length before it enters the public domain) of a particular score is equal to the longest of the copyright terms given to the three concerned parties (composer, publisher, and editor if there is one).''' For example, a re-engraved edition of the Beethoven sonatas, published by Henle in 1985 is copyrighted (it has been edited by an editor whose work is not yet in the public domain, plus the initial typeset of this edit is also copyrighted, and the 25-year German term covering urtext editions is still in force.); while a Dover publication of 1995, which is merely a reprint of old editions, ''is'' in public domain (except for the title page and cover, i.e. stuff Dover added; there is no publisher copyright here because the initial typeset is in the public domain; there is no copyright in reprinting public domain typesets). The copyright claim can usually be found on the bottom of the first page of a score.

'We expect uploaders to put considerable effort into assuring that the '''upload is in the public domain in Canada.''' Please add relevant commentary to the work page or file entry. While works in the Canadian public domain that remain protected in the US are allowed for inclusion in the archive, it is possible that scanning and uploading such a work could constitute a violation of the US law for those who reside in the USA. In contrast to the laws of Canada and the EU, the ''date of first publication'' is absolutely critical for determining the U.S. copyright status of any work published before 1978.

The following tables give a quick overview of the copyright situation. '''Note that these tables list only the conditions under which a work is or is not in the public domain in Canada (and countries where the term is life+50 years), the USA, the EU, Russia (and countries where the term is life+70 years)'''. This is the situation in 2011 and the limits 1941 and 1960 change every year except in the USA, where a publication date is paramount. The term "author" refers to either the composer, an orchestrator, arranger, or an editor.

===<center><font size=3>'''Copyright on the composition and publication if author known, first published <u>before</u> 1923'''</font></center>===

{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%" style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:10px"
|-
!Author's death !!Canada,<br>life+50 countries !!United States !!EU, Russia,<br>life+70 countries !!Template to be used on IMSLP
|-

| < {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>public domain<br>(life+50)</center>
|rowspan="3" style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>public domain<br>(no exceptions for all intents and purposes†)</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>public domain<br>(life+70)</center>
| None: always public domain

|-
| {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}

|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>copyrighted</center>
| Work:<br> [[Template:WorkNonPD-EU]]

|-
| > {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>copyrighted</center>
|
{|
|-
|Composer: [[Template:Copyright]]
|-
|Work: [[Template:Work1923]] <br>
|-
|File: [[Template:File1923]]<br>(''Hosted on US Server!'')
|}
|}
*†(Certain foreign works published after 1909 might be protected in the western US states under the jurisdiction of the<br>9th US Circuit Court of Appeals.)

===<center><font size=3>'''Copyright on the composition and publication if author known, first published <u>after</u> 1923'''</font></center>===

{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%" style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:10px"
|-
!Author's death !!Canada,<br>life+50 countries !!United States !!EU, Russia,<br>life+70 countries !!Template to be used on IMSLP
|-

|-

| < {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>public domain (life+50)</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>copyrighted<br>unless proof of non-renewal and NIE status is provided‡</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>public domain (life+70)</center>
| [[Template:WorkNonPD-US]]<br> [[Template:FileNonPD-US]]

|-
| {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>copyrighted<br>unless proof of non-renewal and NIE status is provided‡</center>
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>copyrighted</center>
|
{|
|Composer:<br> [[Template:ComposerNonPD-USandEU]]
|-
|Work:<br> [[Template:WorkNonPD-USandEU]]<br>
|-
|File: [[Template:FileNonPD-USandEU]]
|}

|-
| > {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>copyrighted</center>
|
{|
|Composer: [[Template:Copyright]]
|-
|Work: [[Template:WorknotPD]] <br>
|-
|File: [[Template:FilenotPD]]
|}
|}
    ‡(US:Proof of non-renewal and NIE status applies only to works published 1923-1963. All works published 1964-1977 have been renewed<br>    automatically and enjoy a full term of 95 years after first publication. Those published 1978 and later are under copyright for life-plus-70.)

===<center><font size=3>'''Corporate copyright on the publication, no author identified'''</font></center>===

{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%" style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:10px"
|-
!Year Published !!Canada,<br>life+50 countries !!United States !!EU, Russia,<br>life+70 countries !!Template to be used on IMSLP
|-
| before 1923
|rowspan=3 style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>public domain (pub+50)</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>public domain</center>
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>public domain (pub+70 in most countries)</center>
| None: always public domain

|-
| 1923-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-71}}
|rowspan=3 style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>copyrighted (pub.+95), unless public domain in country of first publication in 1996</center>
|File: [[Template:FileNonPD-US]]

|-
| {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>Copyrighted</center>
|File: [[Template:FileNonPD-USandEU]]

|-
| > {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>copyrighted</center>
|File: [[Template:FilenotPD]]

|}
<br>

==Editions of Public Domain Works==
===Determining the Type of Edition===
There is no copyright in Canada purely in the act of publication itself. Thus any non-edited reprint or re-engraving of a public domain edition is also public domain. However, in the case that there is significant anonymous editing, Canadian copyright law does state that copyright persists for publication + 50 years for such works, or until the editor becomes publicly known, in which case it reverts back to the life + 50 years. However, because of the uncertain nature, the use of this clause is discouraged. Unlike Canada, the date of publication is extremely significant in determining the public domain status of works in the US (see [[Public domain#Works published before 1923|Pre-1923 copyright law]]). The term "edition" or the credit "edited by" has been liberally applied by publishers for items ranging from serious re-arrangements and re-orchestrations of the original work to completely unaltered reprints of older, public domain scores.

Insignificant editorial contributions have no copyright in themselves, whereas significant ones often do. For an edition to qualify for a full term of the editor's life+50 years (or indeed any copyright term at all), the editor's contribution to the work must be of a significant and original nature - referred to in legal terms as the "threshold of originality". The following is a non-exhaustive list of significant and insignificant editing actions:

*Most Significant: Transcriptions, orchestrations, arrangements, creative realizations of continuo or figured bass parts.
*Less Significant: Adding original (new) fingerings, articulations, slurs, dynamic and tempo markings, routine chordal realizations of figured basses.
*Insignificant: Transposition, error correction, translation of common expressions and instrument names.
*Insignificant: Adding fingerings, articulations, slurs, dynamic and tempo markings from other public domain sources.

===Urtext or Critical Editions===
There are special provisions in several countries for a limited copyright for scholarly editions, which include critical, urtext or "scientific" editions (notably those of Bärenreiter and other German publishers). Please read the [[Public domain#Copyright Laws by Country or Territory|Copyright Laws by Country or Territory]] section for more detailed information. Although it is unlikely that this type of edition, apart from any editorial prefaces, annotations and commentary, contains insufficient original material to qualify for copyright status in Canada, IMSLP as a courtesy voluntarily prohibits the posting of critical or urtext edtions published less than 25 years ago, with the exception of those issued by government agencies or government-owned corporations (such as those issued by the USSR state publishing concern before the late 1991 demise of the Soviet Union).

===Posthumously Published Works (Editio Princeps)===
Works that are first published after the expiration of the copyright term of that composer enjoy a limited copyright term in most countries under the ''Editio Princeps'' concept. In most countries, including the EU countries, this term is 25 years after first publication. Some countries are more strict about what qualifies as first publication, however. In the case of long-dead composers, a public performance might count as the first publication for the purpose of determining which works qualify for ''editio princeps'' in some countries.
=====Canada=====
Any work which was "performed or delivered" in a composer's lifetime counts as being "published." For the purpose of calculating the copyright term, the date of performance or delivery counts as publication.
*Works created after July 25, 1997 are protected for the author's lifetime plus 50 years.
*Works created before July 25, 1997 fall into three categories.
#The work of a deceased author that is published, performed or delivered prior to July 25, 1997, will retain copyright from the date of publication (performance or delivery), plus 50 years, to the end of that calendar year.
#The unpublished work of an author who was deceased during the 50 years prior to July 25, 1997 (died after July 25, 1947), retained copyright until December 31, 1997 (the remainder of the calendar year in which Bill C-32 came into force), plus 50 years following the end of that calendar year. The unpublished, unperformed or undelivered works of authors who died after July 25, 1947 will therefore enter Canada's public domain on January 1, 2048.
#The unpublished work of an author who deceased more than 50 years prior to July 25, 1997, retains copyright until December 31, 1997 (the remainder of the calendar year in which Bill C-32 came into force), plus five years following the end of that calendar year. The unpublished, unperformed or undelivered works of authors who died before July 25, 1947 entered Canada's public domain on January 1, 2003.

=====European Union=====
*In the EU, no additional copyright is granted to the publisher, and the copyright expires with that of the author for works first published before the expiration of the normal copyright term. However individual EU countries, the UK in particular, might have transitional term extensions for works in this category.

=====USA=====
*Works first published posthumously between 1923 and 1977 with the proper copyright notice, registration and renewal are protected up to 95 years, while works of this nature first published from 1978-2002 are protected until Jan. 1, 2049. Works of authors dead more than 70 years first published after 2002 are not subject to any copyright protection themselves, but only as a new edition or other derivative work.

===Reprint Editions===
Reprint editions of publications that are in public domain are not subject to copyright in Canada, the USA, the EU, and most (if not all) or the world. This is not only the case for paper reprints, but also for scanned reprints available on digital media or on the web. No copyright can be claimed on the scanning of a public domain work (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgeman_Art_Library_v._Corel_Corp. Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp. case]), regardless of whether the original scanned is in printed or manuscript form.

==International Copyright Treaties==
:''See also: ''
:*[http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/berne/index.html Berne Treaty]
:*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berne_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Literary_and_Artistic_Works Berne Convention (Wikipedia)]
:*[[wikipedia:Wikipedia:Public_domain#Rule_of_the_shorter_term|Rule of the shorter term]]
:*[[wikipedia:List_of_parties_to_international_copyright_treaties|List of parties to international copyright treaties (look up TRIPS agreement here]]
:*[http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ38a.pdf International Copyright Relations of the United Stats] - lists bilateral treaties
===[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_the_shorter_term Rule of the Shorter Term]===

====In Berne signatory countries====
This rule basically states that if a work is in the public domain in the country of origin, it is also public domain in any signatory country to the Berne convention that has formally opted to apply the Rule. This rule has '''not''' been adopted by the USA or Canada, though Canada applies a form of "Rule of the Shorter Term" for works originating in non-NAFTA countries (section 9).

The European Union applies the Rule of the Shorter Term for works whose country of origin is outside the EU. Thus, a work by an American composer which entered the public domain in the USA, is not granted any additional protection in the EU, unless it happens to be covered under a bilateral treaty made between the USA and the EU country in question.

The principle of Country of Origin has not clearly been defined and is thus subject to interpretation. It can be defined by the nationality of the author, or by the country or countries of first publication of the work.

====In NAFTA Parties====
The Canadian Copyright Law (section 9(2)) states:<br>
''"Authors who are nationals of any country, other than a country that is a party to the North American Free Trade Agreement, that grants a term of protection shorter than that mentioned in subsection (1) are not entitled to claim a longer term of protection in Canada."''

An important implication of this paragraph is that U.S. publications, pre-1923, are '''not''' automatically public domain in Canada as the U.S.A. is member of the NAFTA.

The applicable NAFTA paragraph says:
Article 1703: National Treatment

1. Each Party shall accord to nationals of another Party treatment no less favorable than that it<br> accords to its own nationals with regard to the protection and enforcement of all intellectual<br> property rights.

==Copyright Laws by Country or Territory==
===Australia===
Any work published in the lifetime of an author who died in 1954 or earlier, is out of copyright. The term for authors who died in 1955 or later is 70 years.

===European Union===
The primary objective of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_on_harmonising_the_term_of_copyright_protection 93/98/EC Copyright Directive], consolidated in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_2006/116/EC 2006/11/EC Directive], was the harmonization of the copyright term for EU countries at life-plus-70 years, including a restoration to copyright status for works which had entered the public domain member countries with life-plus-50 terms at the time. Ariticle 5 is of particular importance with respect to editions of public domain music and states that member states may protect "critical and scientific publications of works which have come into the public domain" for a ''maximum of thirty years'' after publication (italics added). Article 4 grants copyright to the publisher of a public domain work which was previously unpublished for 25 years after the date of first publication (Editio Princeps), provided that the work in question is "legally published" in accordance with the specific laws of the country in which such publication occurs.

===Czech Republic===
All Czech government publications are in the public domain. This notably affects Artia/Orbis/SNKLHU/Supraphon, which was a government organization ''from 1948 to 1989''. See the [http://www.osa.cz/upload/czech_copyright_act.pdf Czech Republic copyright act] (file hosted by OSA, Czech author's rights organization).

===United Kingdom===
The basic copyright has a duration of life of the last surviving author +70 years. Anonymous editions enjoy a copyright of 70 years after publication, or if not published, 70 years after creation.

England has a special law regarding [http://www.opsi.gov.uk/official-publications/publishing-guidance/copyright-in-typographical-arrangement.htm "typographical arrangement"] ("typographical arrangement" essentially means re-engraving). A "typographical arrangement" is only copyrighted for the length of publication + 25 years.[http://www.copyrightservice.co.uk/copyright/p01_uk_copyright_law] This would affect many of the originally German publishers who relocated to England (ex. Eulenburg).

===France===
As from January 1, 1995, the basic copyright has a duration of life of the last surviving author +70 years. Anonymous editions enjoy a copyright of 70 years after publication, or if not published, 70 years after creation. There is 30 extra years for authors who 'died in action' (like Jehan Alain). In addition, posthumous works are copyrighted 25 years from the year of publication. However, protection of musical works enjoys special time extension compensating for the war period (WWI and WWII). For composers who died before January 1, 1995, the time protection after death is 78 years and 120 days for works published between January 1, 1921 and December 31, 1947 and 84 years and 272 days for works published until December 31, 1920. This is why none of Ravel’s work is Public Domain in France in 2009 while it is so in many European countries.
[http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/fr/fr062en.html], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_copyright_law], [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droit_d%27auteur_en_France],[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prorogations_de_guerre]

===Germany===
The basic copyright has a duration of life of the last surviving author +70 years. Anonymous editions enjoy a copyright of 70 years after publication, or if not published, 70 years after creation. Posthumous first-time publications are protected for only 25 years after publication.

As per [http://www.iuscomp.org/gla/statutes/UrhG.htm#70 Article 70] of the German Urheberrechtsgesetz (copyright law), scientific editions, which is to say editions which are produced as a result of scientific analysis (i.e. scholarly or critical editions and urtext), have a copyright length of only publication + 25 years, meaning that all such scientific editions published in Germany before 1983 are in the public domain there. However, arrangements, transcriptions, orchestrations, continuo realizations, and interpretative editions enjoy a full term of protection of life-plus-70 years.

===Hungary===
* Basic protection: 70 years p.m.a.
* Posthumous publication: 25 years post-publication

::See also: [[Franz Liszt: Neue Liszt-Ausgabe]]

===Italy===
* Basic protection: 70 p.m.a.
* Scientific and critical editions: 20 years [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/it/it112en.html]
* ''Rights belonging to the State, the provinces, the communes, the academies or public cultural organizations, or to private legal entities of a non-profit making character'': 20 years

===Portugal===
Portugal's basic copyright term is only '''50 years''' after death of the last surviving author ''(even in the case of posthumously published works''), or 50 years after publication if no author is identified. Portuguese copyright law reserves a separate article for ''Translation, arrangement, instrumentation, dramatization, filming and, in general, any transformation of a work'' but does not clearly specify a copyright protection for these works. ([http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=129418 Law text at WIPO])

===Russia / USSR===
The present Russian copyright law is extremely complicated. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_in_Russia WP]). '''Basically, works of authors who died before 1953 are in public domain, whereas authors died 1953 or later are protected for 70 years'''. The law of Tzarist Russia was very similar to that of Germany, where works were granted a copyright term of life plus 50 years. However, Russia was ''not'' a signatory to the Berne Copyright Treaty (1888) and works of Russian composers were protected in Europe only via co-publication agreements between Russian publishers like Jurgenson and Bessel with firms in the West like D. Rahter, Bote & Bock, and Breitkopf & Härtel.

With the communist revolution of 1917, this situation changed drastically. Individual copyright was abolished along with all other forms of property ownership. This change was disasterous for the copyright status of Russian composers - even those living in the West like Prokofiev, Rachmaninov, and Stravinsky. Since all works - whether Soviet or foreign - effectively became the property of the state in the USSR, all Soviet works were held to be public domain in Western countries, even those of expatriate Soviet citizens. In order to comply with treaties to secure Western copyright status for works of Soviet authors, the Soviet goverment finally introduced a limited term of publication plus 15 years in the 1930s. However, the Soviet state (USSR) completely controlled publication of all works of living or deceased persons on which the state acclaimed copyright. Although the original works of Soviet composers have been given copyright status elsewhere thanks to several treaties, editions of public domain works issued by [[Muzgiz|Muzyka]], the Soviet state music publishing agency, are generally considered to be in the public domain, as they were prepared by state employees working for a government agency, and the copyright owner (the USSR) ceased to exist in late 1991.
::''See also: [[Franz Liszt: Neue Liszt-Ausgabe]]''

===USA===
====Works published before 1923====
Basically, all works published before 1923 are in the public domain in the US. At present, except for a bizarre ruling from the US 9th Circuit Court of Appeals that affects only the western states, ''any work'' published before 1923 is public domain in the US, regardless of where it was first published.

Reference: [http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/training/Hirtle_Public_Domain.htm Cornell University's copyright center], though there are more.

====Works published between 1923 and 1963====
In the U.S., works of US authors and proprietors that are published in 1923-1963 are in the public domain '''if the copyright is not renewed''' or '''if the work was published without a proper copyright notice'''. Currently, the only way to ascertain renewal status for works published before 1950 is to conduct a formal search of the US Copyright Office records in person or pay for a formal search by the copyright office itself. Later records are available online at the [http://www.copyright.gov/records/ US copyright office website]. This database indexes only records from 1978, which include the renewals for works first published in 1950. Non-music records from 1923-1977 are indexed at [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/11800 Project Gutenberg].

====U.S. Copyright Restoration for Foreign Works published between 1923 and 1978====
Some foreign works from this period that were formerly public domain due to failure to comply with notice and renewal provisions of the US law have been restored to copyright status due to the provisions of the GATT/TRIPS amendments (effective Jan. 1, 1996) provided the work in question was not already public domain in its country of origin. Works that were public domain in their country of origin as of 1 January 1996, are not eligible for restoration of U.S. copyright. In other cases, US copyright laws applies. For details, read the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-U.S._copyrights Wikipedia article].

====US Government Publications====
All US government publications are in the public domain.

==Recordings==
''Copyright in recordings consists of two levels: 1) The copyright status of the musical work which has been recorded; 2) the copyright of the sound recording itself. The length of terms referred to in this section pertain only to the copyright in the sound recording itself. For the copyright of the underlying musical work, see the main section.''
====EU====
A recording is public domain in the EU '''50 years after lawful release'''.
====Canada====
A recording copyright lasts for '''50 years''' after the end of the calendar year of the first fixation of the sound recording. The "first fixation" is the date of the recording session, when the performance was "fixed" onto a tape or other tangible medium. The copyright in a performer's performance likewise lasts for 50 years after first fixation, or 50 years from the performance if unfixed.

====USA====
Recordings were not covered by US Copyright law until 1972. All recordings made before that date - even those published before 1923 - are potentially under copyright until February 15, 2067. This is due to the fact that such recordings might be protected under the common-law copyright and trade statutes of the various states. Recordings published without the required notice between February 15, 1972 and March 1, 1989 are possibly public domain, especially those issued between 1972 and 1977. After January 1, 1978, a notice omission or error was correctable if application was made to the copyright office within 5 years of the omission or error.

==Templates and corresponding Categories==
'''Composers'''
{|style="margin-left:20px; border:1px solid gray"
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:Copyright|Copyright]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Non-Public Domain Composers]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:ComposerNonPD-USandEU|ComposerNonPD-USandEU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:ComposerNonPD-USandEU]]
|}

'''Works'''
{|style="margin-left:20px; border:1px solid gray"
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:Work1923|Work1923]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Works1923]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorkNonPD-USandEU|WorkNonPD-USandEU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:WorkNonPD-USandEU]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorkNonPD-EU|WorkNonPD-EU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:WorkNonPD-EU]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorkNonPD-US|WorkNonPD-US]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:WorkNonPD-US]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorknotPD|WorknotPD]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Works not in public domain]]
|}

'''Files'''
{|style="margin-left:20px; border:1px solid gray"
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:File1923|File1923]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:File1923]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FileNonPD-USandEU|FileNonPD-USandEU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-USandEU]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FileNonPD-EU|FileNonPD-EU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-EU]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FileNonPD-US|FileNonPD-US]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-US]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FilenotPD|FilenotPD]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Files not in public domain]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:CopyrightPermGranted|CopyrightPermGranted]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-PermissionGranted]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:Urtext|Urtext]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Urtext]]
|}

==Composers who will enter the public domain in the next few years==
*'''2011'''
**''Countries with terms of life-plus-70 (EU and most of Europe)''
***Paul Juon (1872-1940)
**''Countries with terms of life-plus-50 (Canada, China, Japan, S. Korea, etc.)''
***Hugo Alfvén (1872-1960)
***Ernst Dahlke (1877-1960)
***Ernő Dohnányi (1877-1960)
***Mátyás Seiber (1906-1960)
*'''2012'''
**''Countries with terms of life-plus-70 (EU and most of Europe)''
***Ignace Paderewski
***Frank Bridge
***Christian Sinding
***Wilhelm Kienzl (1857-1941)
**''Countries with terms of life-plus-50 (Canada, China, Japan, S. Korea, etc.)''
***York Bowen (1884-1961)
***Percy Grainger (1882-1961)
***Uuno Klami (1900-1961)
***Carlos Salzédo (1885-1961)
*'''2013'''
**''Countries with terms of life-plus-70 (EU and most of Europe)''
***Alexander von Zemlinsky (1871-1942)
***Hugo Distler (1908-1942)
**''Countries with terms of life-plus-50 (Canada, China, Japan, S. Korea, etc.)''
***Alfred Cortot (1877-1962)
***Irving Fine (1914-1962)
***Eugene Goossens (1893-1962)
***Jacques Ibert (1890-1962)
***John Ireland (1879-1962)
***Fritz Kreisler (1875-1962)
*'''2014'''
**''Countries with terms of life-plus-70 (EU and most of Europe)''
***Sergei Wassiljewitsch Rachmaninow (1873-1943)
*** Josef Venantius von Wöss (1863-1943), many piano reductions
*'''2016'''
**''Countries with terms of life-plus-50 (Canada, China, Japan, S. Korea, etc.)''
***Joseph Ryelandt (1870-1965)
***Edgard Varèse (1883-1965)

==More information==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Domain Wikipedia (public domain)]
* [http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/training/Hirtle_Public_Domain.htm a very useful table at Cornell] about U.S. copyright.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_situations_by_country#Published_works_in_the_United_States Wikipedia (copyright situations by country)]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries'_copyright_length Wikipedia (copyright length by country)]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_copyright_law Wikipedia (Canadian Copyright Law)]
* [http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/C-42/index.html Copyright Act of Canada] (section:''[http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/C-42/page-2.html#anchorbo-ga:l_I-gb:s_6 Term of Copyright]'')
* [http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.en World Intellectual Property Organisation] providing legislative text of all countries.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-U.S._copyrights WP:Non-U.S. Copyrights]

==See Also==

* [[Historical Publication Info]]

Talk:Public domain

2011-04-18T17:16:57Z

Will W W:

Public domain

2011-04-18T17:10:50Z

Will W W: fixed three self-article links (the "US pre-1923 law" links), small formatting

{{:OtherLangs:Public domain}}
<center><span style="color:crimson">''Please note that the IMSLP makes no guarantee whatsoever that the information appearing on this page is legally accurate and assumes no liability or legal responsibility therefor.''</span></center>
<br>
== Basics of Canadian copyright ==
Because the two main IMSLP servers are physically hosted in Canada (one at Montreal and the other at Toronto), IMSLP follows '''Canadian copyright laws''', which may differ from your country. The briefest summary of Canadian copyright law would be that '''copyright persists for the composer or other author (if any) for 50 years after his/her death'''.

Only works that are first published in countries that are members of the WTO or Berne Convention are subject to copyright in Canada; however, in most cases this applies ''retrospectively'', unless the work was already in the public domain in its native country (i.e. the country in which the first publication occurred) when either treaty was signed.

Some works ''are'' in the public domain in the U.S., but ''not yet'' public domain in Canada and other countries. The reason for this is that the US law calculates terms from the date of first publication for all works published before 1978. If a work was published before 1923 (see [[Public domain#Works published before 1923|Pre-1923 copyright law]]), or first published in the U.S. from 1923-1963 without copyright renewal (see [[Public domain#Works published between 1923 and 1963|1923-1963 copyright law]]), it is almost certain to be public domain in the USA. IMSLP does not have a US server at present, so works in the US public domain like the Dover reprint of Stravinsky's ''Le sacre du Printemps'' cannot be posted here at the present time.

'''Please note that the total copyright length (i.e. the length before it enters the public domain) of a particular score is equal to the longest of the copyright terms given to the three concerned parties (composer, publisher, and editor if there is one).''' For example, a re-engraved edition of the Beethoven sonatas, published by Henle in 1985 is copyrighted (it has been edited by an editor whose work is not yet in the public domain, plus the initial typeset of this edit is also copyrighted, and the 25-year German term covering urtext editions is still in force.); while a Dover publication of 1995, which is merely a reprint of old editions, ''is'' in public domain (except for the title page and cover, i.e. stuff Dover added; there is no publisher copyright here because the initial typeset is in the public domain; there is no copyright in reprinting public domain typesets). The copyright claim can usually be found on the bottom of the first page of a score.

'We expect uploaders to put considerable effort into assuring that the '''upload is in the public domain in Canada.''' Please add relevant commentary to the work page or file entry. While works in the Canadian public domain that remain protected in the US are allowed for inclusion in the archive, it is possible that scanning and uploading such a work could constitute a violation of the US law for those who reside in the USA. In contrast to the laws of Canada and the EU, the ''date of first publication'' is absolutely critical for determining the U.S. copyright status of any work published before 1978.

The following tables give a quick overview of the copyright situation. '''Note that these tables list only the conditions under which a work is or is not in the public domain in Canada (and countries where the term is life+50 years), the USA, the EU, Russia (and countries where the term is life+70 years)'''. This is the situation in 2011 and the limits 1941 and 1960 change every year except in the USA, where a publication date is paramount. The term "author" refers to either the composer, an orchestrator, arranger, or an editor.

===<center><font size=3>'''Copyright on the composition and publication if author known, first published <u>before</u> 1923'''</font></center>===

{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%" style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:10px"
|-
!Author's death !!Canada,<br>life+50 countries !!United States !!EU, Russia,<br>life+70 countries !!Template to be used on IMSLP
|-

| < {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>public domain<br>(life+50)</center>
|rowspan="3" style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>public domain<br>(no exceptions for all intents and purposes†)</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>public domain<br>(life+70)</center>
| None: always public domain

|-
| {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}

|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>copyrighted</center>
| Work:<br> [[Template:WorkNonPD-EU]]

|-
| > {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>copyrighted</center>
|
{|
|-
|Composer: [[Template:Copyright]]
|-
|Work: [[Template:Work1923]] <br>
|-
|File: [[Template:File1923]]<br>(''Hosted on US Server!'')
|}
|}
*†(Certain foreign works published after 1909 might be protected in the western US states under the jurisdiction of the<br>9th US Circuit Court of Appeals.)

===<center><font size=3>'''Copyright on the composition and publication if author known, first published <u>after</u> 1923'''</font></center>===

{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%" style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:10px"
|-
!Author's death !!Canada,<br>life+50 countries !!United States !!EU, Russia,<br>life+70 countries !!Template to be used on IMSLP
|-

|-

| < {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>public domain (life+50)</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>copyrighted<br>unless proof of non-renewal and NIE status is provided‡</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>public domain (life+70)</center>
| [[Template:WorkNonPD-US]]<br> [[Template:FileNonPD-US]]

|-
| {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>copyrighted<br>unless proof of non-renewal and NIE status is provided‡</center>
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>copyrighted</center>
|
{|
|Composer:<br> [[Template:ComposerNonPD-USandEU]]
|-
|Work:<br> [[Template:WorkNonPD-USandEU]]<br>
|-
|File: [[Template:FileNonPD-USandEU]]
|}

|-
| > {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>copyrighted</center>
|
{|
|Composer: [[Template:Copyright]]
|-
|Work: [[Template:WorknotPD]] <br>
|-
|File: [[Template:FilenotPD]]
|}
|}
    ‡(US:Proof of non-renewal and NIE status applies only to works published 1923-1963. All works published 1964-1977 have been renewed<br>    automatically and enjoy a full term of 95 years after first publication. Those published 1978 and later are under copyright for life-plus-70.)

===<center><font size=3>'''Corporate copyright on the publication, no author identified'''</font></center>===

{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%" style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:10px"
|-
!Year Published !!Canada,<br>life+50 countries !!United States !!EU, Russia,<br>life+70 countries !!Template to be used on IMSLP
|-
| before 1923
|rowspan=3 style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>public domain (pub+50)</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>public domain</center>
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>public domain (pub+70 in most countries)</center>
| None: always public domain

|-
| 1923-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-71}}
|rowspan=3 style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>copyrighted (pub.+95), unless public domain in country of first publication in 1996</center>
|File: [[Template:FileNonPD-US]]

|-
| {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>Copyrighted</center>
|File: [[Template:FileNonPD-USandEU]]

|-
| > {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>copyrighted</center>
|File: [[Template:FilenotPD]]

|}
<br>

==Editions of Public Domain Works==
===Determining the Type of Edition===
There is no copyright in Canada purely in the act of publication itself. Thus any non-edited reprint or re-engraving of a public domain edition is also public domain. However, in the case that there is significant anonymous editing, Canadian copyright law does state that copyright persists for publication + 50 years for such works, or until the editor becomes publicly known, in which case it reverts back to the life + 50 years. However, because of the uncertain nature, the use of this clause is discouraged. Unlike Canada, the date of publication is extremely significant in determining the public domain status of works in the US (see [[Public domain#Works published before 1923|Pre-1923 copyright law]]). The term "edition" or the credit "edited by" has been liberally applied by publishers for items ranging from serious re-arrangements and re-orchestrations of the original work to completely unaltered reprints of older, public domain scores.

Insignificant editorial contributions have no copyright in themselves, whereas significant ones often do. For an edition to qualify for a full term of the editor's life+50 years (or indeed any copyright term at all), the editor's contribution to the work must be of a significant and original nature - referred to in legal terms as the "threshold of originality". The following is a non-exhaustive list of significant and insignificant editing actions:

*Most Significant: Transcriptions, orchestrations, arrangements, creative realizations of continuo or figured bass parts.
*Less Significant: Adding original (new) fingerings, articulations, slurs, dynamic and tempo markings, routine chordal realizations of figured basses.
*Insignificant: Transposition, error correction, translation of common expressions and instrument names.
*Insignificant: Adding fingerings, articulations, slurs, dynamic and tempo markings from other public domain sources.

===Urtext or Critical Editions===
There are special provisions in several countries for a limited copyright for scholarly editions, which include critical, urtext or "scientific" editions (notably those of Bärenreiter and other German publishers). Please read the [[Public domain#Copyright Laws by Country or Territory|Copyright Laws by Country or Territory]] section for more detailed information. Although it is unlikely that this type of edition, apart from any editorial prefaces, annotations and commentary, contains insufficient original material to qualify for copyright status in Canada, IMSLP as a courtesy voluntarily prohibits the posting of critical or urtext edtions published less than 25 years ago, with the exception of those issued by government agencies or government-owned corporations (such as those issued by the USSR state publishing concern before the late 1991 demise of the Soviet Union).

===Posthumously Published Works (Editio Princeps)===
Works that are first published after the expiration of the copyright term of that composer enjoy a limited copyright term in most countries under the ''Editio Princeps'' concept. In most countries, including the EU countries, this term is 25 years after first publication. Some countries are more strict about what qualifies as first publication, however. In the case of long-dead composers, a public performance might count as the first publication for the purpose of determining which works qualify for ''editio princeps'' in some countries.
=====Canada=====
Any work which was "performed or delivered" in a composer's lifetime counts as being "published." For the purpose of calculating the copyright term, the date of performance or delivery counts as publication.
*Works created after July 25, 1997 are protected for the author's lifetime plus 50 years.
*Works created before July 25, 1997 fall into three categories.
#The work of a deceased author that is published, performed or delivered prior to July 25, 1997, will retain copyright from the date of publication (performance or delivery), plus 50 years, to the end of that calendar year.
#The unpublished work of an author who was deceased during the 50 years prior to July 25, 1997 (died after July 25, 1947), retained copyright until December 31, 1997 (the remainder of the calendar year in which Bill C-32 came into force), plus 50 years following the end of that calendar year. The unpublished, unperformed or undelivered works of authors who died after July 25, 1947 will therefore enter Canada's public domain on January 1, 2048.
#The unpublished work of an author who deceased more than 50 years prior to July 25, 1997, retains copyright until December 31, 1997 (the remainder of the calendar year in which Bill C-32 came into force), plus five years following the end of that calendar year. The unpublished, unperformed or undelivered works of authors who died before July 25, 1947 entered Canada's public domain on January 1, 2003.

=====European Union=====
*In the EU, no additional copyright is granted to the publisher, and the copyright expires with that of the author for works first published before the expiration of the normal copyright term. However individual EU countries, the UK in particular, might have transitional term extensions for works in this category.

=====USA=====
*Works first published posthumously between 1923 and 1977 with the proper copyright notice, registration and renewal are protected up to 95 years, while works of this nature first published from 1978-2002 are protected until Jan. 1, 2049. Works of authors dead more than 70 years first published after 2002 are not subject to any copyright protection themselves, but only as a new edition or other derivative work.

===Reprint Editions===
Reprint editions of publications that are in public domain are not subject to copyright in Canada, the USA, the EU, and most (if not all) or the world. This is not only the case for paper reprints, but also for scanned reprints available on digital media or on the web. No copyright can be claimed on the scanning of a public domain work (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgeman_Art_Library_v._Corel_Corp. Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp. case]), regardless of whether the original scanned is in printed or manuscript form.

==International Copyright Treaties==
:''See also: ''
:*[http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/berne/index.html Berne Treaty]
:*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berne_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Literary_and_Artistic_Works Berne Convention (Wikipedia)]
:*[[wikipedia:Wikipedia:Public_domain#Rule_of_the_shorter_term|Rule of the shorter term]]
:*[[wikipedia:List_of_parties_to_international_copyright_treaties|List of parties to international copyright treaties (look up TRIPS agreement here]]
:*[http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ38a.pdf International Copyright Relations of the United Stats] - lists bilateral treaties
===[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_the_shorter_term Rule of the Shorter Term]===

====In Berne signatory countries====
This rule basically states that if a work is in the public domain in the country of origin, it is also public domain in any signatory country to the Berne convention that has formally opted to apply the Rule. This rule has '''not''' been adopted by the USA or Canada, though Canada applies a form of "Rule of the Shorter Term" for works originating in non-NAFTA countries (section 9).

The European Union applies the Rule of the Shorter Term for works whose country of origin is outside the EU. Thus, a work by an American composer which entered the public domain in the USA, is not granted any additional protection in the EU, unless it happens to be covered under a bilateral treaty made between the USA and the EU country in question.

The principle of Country of Origin has not clearly been defined and is thus subject to interpretation. It can be defined by the nationality of the author, or by the country or countries of first publication of the work.

====In NAFTA Parties====
The Canadian Copyright Law (section 9(2)) states:<br>
''"Authors who are nationals of any country, other than a country that is a party to the North American Free Trade Agreement, that grants a term of protection shorter than that mentioned in subsection (1) are not entitled to claim a longer term of protection in Canada."''

An important implication of this paragraph is that U.S. publications, pre-1923, are '''not''' automatically public domain in Canada as the U.S.A. is member of the NAFTA.

The applicable NAFTA paragraph says:
Article 1703: National Treatment

1. Each Party shall accord to nationals of another Party treatment no less favorable than that it<br> accords to its own nationals with regard to the protection and enforcement of all intellectual<br> property rights.

==Copyright Laws by Country or Territory==
===Australia===
Any work published in the lifetime of an author who died in 1954 or earlier, is out of copyright. The term for authors who died in 1955 or later is 70 years.

===European Union===
The primary objective of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_on_harmonising_the_term_of_copyright_protection 93/98/EC Copyright Directive], consolidated in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_2006/116/EC 2006/11/EC Directive], was the harmonization of the copyright term for EU countries at life-plus-70 years, including a restoration to copyright status for works which had entered the public domain member countries with life-plus-50 terms at the time. Ariticle 5 is of particular importance with respect to editions of public domain music and states that member states may protect "critical and scientific publications of works which have come into the public domain" for a ''maximum of thirty years'' after publication (italics added). Article 4 grants copyright to the publisher of a public domain work which was previously unpublished for 25 years after the date of first publication (Editio Princeps), provided that the work in question is "legally published" in accordance with the specific laws of the country in which such publication occurs.

===Czech Republic===
All Czech government publications are in the public domain. This notably affects Artia/Orbis/SNKLHU/Supraphon, which was a government organization ''from 1948 to 1989''. See the [http://www.osa.cz/upload/czech_copyright_act.pdf Czech Republic copyright act] (file hosted by OSA, Czech author's rights organization).

===United Kingdom===
The basic copyright has a duration of life of the last surviving author +70 years. Anonymous editions enjoy a copyright of 70 years after publication, or if not published, 70 years after creation.

England has a special law regarding [http://www.opsi.gov.uk/official-publications/publishing-guidance/copyright-in-typographical-arrangement.htm "typographical arrangement"] ("typographical arrangement" essentially means re-engraving). A "typographical arrangement" is only copyrighted for the length of publication + 25 years.[http://www.copyrightservice.co.uk/copyright/p01_uk_copyright_law] This would affect many of the originally German publishers who relocated to England (ex. Eulenburg).

===France===
As from January 1, 1995, the basic copyright has a duration of life of the last surviving author +70 years. Anonymous editions enjoy a copyright of 70 years after publication, or if not published, 70 years after creation. There is 30 extra years for authors who 'died in action' (like Jehan Alain). In addition, posthumous works are copyrighted 25 years from the year of publication. However, protection of musical works enjoys special time extension compensating for the war period (WWI and WWII). For composers who died before January 1, 1995, the time protection after death is 78 years and 120 days for works published between January 1, 1921 and December 31, 1947 and 84 years and 272 days for works published until December 31, 1920. This is why none of Ravel’s work is Public Domain in France in 2009 while it is so in many European countries.
[http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/fr/fr062en.html], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_copyright_law], [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droit_d%27auteur_en_France],[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prorogations_de_guerre]

===Germany===
The basic copyright has a duration of life of the last surviving author +70 years. Anonymous editions enjoy a copyright of 70 years after publication, or if not published, 70 years after creation. Posthumous first-time publications are protected for only 25 years after publication.

As per [http://www.iuscomp.org/gla/statutes/UrhG.htm#70 Article 70] of the German Urheberrechtsgesetz (copyright law), scientific editions, which is to say editions which are produced as a result of scientific analysis (i.e. scholarly or critical editions and urtext), have a copyright length of only publication + 25 years, meaning that all such scientific editions published in Germany before 1983 are in the public domain there. However, arrangements, transcriptions, orchestrations, continuo realizations, and interpretative editions enjoy a full term of protection of life-plus-70 years.

===Hungary===
* Basic protection: 70 years p.m.a.
* Posthumous publication: 25 years post-publication

::See also: [[Neue Liszt-Ausgabe]]

===Italy===
* Basic protection: 70 p.m.a.
* Scientific and critical editions: 20 years [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/it/it112en.html]
* ''Rights belonging to the State, the provinces, the communes, the academies or public cultural organizations, or to private legal entities of a non-profit making character'': 20 years

===Portugal===
Portugal's basic copyright term is only '''50 years''' after death of the last surviving author ''(even in the case of posthumously published works''), or 50 years after publication if no author is identified. Portuguese copyright law reserves a separate article for ''Translation, arrangement, instrumentation, dramatization, filming and, in general, any transformation of a work'' but does not clearly specify a copyright protection for these works. ([http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=129418 Law text at WIPO])

===Russia / USSR===
The present Russian copyright law is extremely complicated. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_in_Russia WP]). '''Basically, works of authors who died before 1953 are in public domain, whereas authors died 1953 or later are protected for 70 years'''. The law of Tzarist Russia was very similar to that of Germany, where works were granted a copyright term of life plus 50 years. However, Russia was ''not'' a signatory to the Berne Copyright Treaty (1888) and works of Russian composers were protected in Europe only via co-publication agreements between Russian publishers like Jurgenson and Bessel with firms in the West like D. Rahter, Bote & Bock, and Breitkopf & Härtel.

With the communist revolution of 1917, this situation changed drastically. Individual copyright was abolished along with all other forms of property ownership. This change was disasterous for the copyright status of Russian composers - even those living in the West like Prokofiev, Rachmaninov, and Stravinsky. Since all works - whether Soviet or foreign - effectively became the property of the state in the USSR, all Soviet works were held to be public domain in Western countries, even those of expatriate Soviet citizens. In order to comply with treaties to secure Western copyright status for works of Soviet authors, the Soviet goverment finally introduced a limited term of publication plus 15 years in the 1930s. However, the Soviet state (USSR) completely controlled publication of all works of living or deceased persons on which the state acclaimed copyright. Although the original works of Soviet composers have been given copyright status elsewhere thanks to several treaties, editions of public domain works issued by [[Muzgiz|Muzyka]], the Soviet state music publishing agency, are generally considered to be in the public domain, as they were prepared by state employees working for a government agency, and the copyright owner (the USSR) ceased to exist in late 1991.
::''See also: [[Neue Liszt-Ausgabe]]''

===USA===
====Works published before 1923====
Basically, all works published before 1923 are in the public domain in the US. At present, except for a bizarre ruling from the US 9th Circuit Court of Appeals that affects only the western states, ''any work'' published before 1923 is public domain in the US, regardless of where it was first published.

Reference: [http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/training/Hirtle_Public_Domain.htm Cornell University's copyright center], though there are more.

====Works published between 1923 and 1963====
In the U.S., works of US authors and proprietors that are published in 1923-1963 are in the public domain '''if the copyright is not renewed''' or '''if the work was published without a proper copyright notice'''. Currently, the only way to ascertain renewal status for works published before 1950 is to conduct a formal search of the US Copyright Office records in person or pay for a formal search by the copyright office itself. Later records are available online at the [http://www.copyright.gov/records/ US copyright office website]. This database indexes only records from 1978, which include the renewals for works first published in 1950. Non-music records from 1923-1977 are indexed at [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/11800 Project Gutenberg].

====U.S. Copyright Restoration for Foreign Works published between 1923 and 1978====
Some foreign works from this period that were formerly public domain due to failure to comply with notice and renewal provisions of the US law have been restored to copyright status due to the provisions of the GATT/TRIPS amendments (effective Jan. 1, 1996) provided the work in question was not already public domain in its country of origin. Works that were public domain in their country of origin as of 1 January 1996, are not eligible for restoration of U.S. copyright. In other cases, US copyright laws applies. For details, read the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-U.S._copyrights Wikipedia article].

====US Government Publications====
All US government publications are in the public domain.

==Recordings==
''Copyright in recordings consists of two levels: 1) The copyright status of the musical work which has been recorded; 2) the copyright of the sound recording itself. The length of terms referred to in this section pertain only to the copyright in the sound recording itself. For the copyright of the underlying musical work, see the main section.''
====EU====
A recording is public domain in the EU '''50 years after lawful release'''.
====Canada====
A recording copyright lasts for '''50 years''' after the end of the calendar year of the first fixation of the sound recording. The "first fixation" is the date of the recording session, when the performance was "fixed" onto a tape or other tangible medium. The copyright in a performer's performance likewise lasts for 50 years after first fixation, or 50 years from the performance if unfixed.

====USA====
Recordings were not covered by US Copyright law until 1972. All recordings made before that date - even those published before 1923 - are potentially under copyright until February 15, 2067. This is due to the fact that such recordings might be protected under the common-law copyright and trade statutes of the various states. Recordings published without the required notice between February 15, 1972 and March 1, 1989 are possibly public domain, especially those issued between 1972 and 1977. After January 1, 1978, a notice omission or error was correctable if application was made to the copyright office within 5 years of the omission or error.

==Templates and corresponding Categories==
'''Composers'''
{|style="margin-left:20px; border:1px solid gray"
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:Copyright|Copyright]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Non-Public Domain Composers]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:ComposerNonPD-USandEU|ComposerNonPD-USandEU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:ComposerNonPD-USandEU]]
|}

'''Works'''
{|style="margin-left:20px; border:1px solid gray"
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:Work1923|Work1923]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Works1923]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorkNonPD-USandEU|WorkNonPD-USandEU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:WorkNonPD-USandEU]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorkNonPD-EU|WorkNonPD-EU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:WorkNonPD-EU]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorkNonPD-US|WorkNonPD-US]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:WorkNonPD-US]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorknotPD|WorknotPD]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Works not in public domain]]
|}

'''Files'''
{|style="margin-left:20px; border:1px solid gray"
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:File1923|File1923]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:File1923]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FileNonPD-USandEU|FileNonPD-USandEU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-USandEU]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FileNonPD-EU|FileNonPD-EU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-EU]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FileNonPD-US|FileNonPD-US]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-US]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FilenotPD|FilenotPD]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Files not in public domain]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:CopyrightPermGranted|CopyrightPermGranted]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-PermissionGranted]]
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:Urtext|Urtext]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Urtext]]
|}

==Composers who will enter the public domain in the next few years==
*'''2011'''
**''Countries with terms of life-plus-70 (EU and most of Europe)''
***Paul Juon (1872-1940)
**''Countries with terms of life-plus-50 (Canada, China, Japan, S. Korea, etc.)''
***Hugo Alfvén (1872-1960)
***Ernst Dahlke (1877-1960)
***Ernő Dohnányi (1877-1960)
***Mátyás Seiber (1906-1960)
*'''2012'''
**''Countries with terms of life-plus-70 (EU and most of Europe)''
***Ignace Paderewski
***Frank Bridge
***Christian Sinding
***Wilhelm Kienzl (1857-1941)
**''Countries with terms of life-plus-50 (Canada, China, Japan, S. Korea, etc.)''
***York Bowen (1884-1961)
***Percy Grainger (1882-1961)
***Uuno Klami (1900-1961)
***Carlos Salzédo (1885-1961)
*'''2013'''
**''Countries with terms of life-plus-70 (EU and most of Europe)''
***Alexander von Zemlinsky (1871-1942)
***Hugo Distler (1908-1942)
**''Countries with terms of life-plus-50 (Canada, China, Japan, S. Korea, etc.)''
***Alfred Cortot (1877-1962)
***Irving Fine (1914-1962)
***Eugene Goossens (1893-1962)
***Jacques Ibert (1890-1962)
***John Ireland (1879-1962)
***Fritz Kreisler (1875-1962)
*'''2014'''
**''Countries with terms of life-plus-70 (EU and most of Europe)''
***Sergei Wassiljewitsch Rachmaninow (1873-1943)
*** Josef Venantius von Wöss (1863-1943), many piano reductions
*'''2016'''
**''Countries with terms of life-plus-50 (Canada, China, Japan, S. Korea, etc.)''
***Joseph Ryelandt (1870-1965)
***Edgard Varèse (1883-1965)

==More information==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Domain Wikipedia (public domain)]
* [http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/training/Hirtle_Public_Domain.htm a very useful table at Cornell] about U.S. copyright.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_situations_by_country#Published_works_in_the_United_States Wikipedia (copyright situations by country)]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries'_copyright_length Wikipedia (copyright length by country)]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_copyright_law Wikipedia (Canadian Copyright Law)]
* [http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/C-42/index.html Copyright Act of Canada] (section:''[http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/C-42/page-2.html#anchorbo-ga:l_I-gb:s_6 Term of Copyright]'')
* [http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.en World Intellectual Property Organisation] providing legislative text of all countries.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-U.S._copyrights WP:Non-U.S. Copyrights]

==See Also==

* [[Historical Publication Info]]

Template:OtherLangs:公有领域

2011-04-18T17:00:18Z

Will W W:

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{{:OtherLangs:Public domain}}
<center><span style="color:crimson">'''请注意：IMSLP不能保证此网页上所有的信息在法律上是正确无误的。为此，IMSLP不承担任何责任或法律责任。</span></center>
<br>
== 加拿大著作权基础 ==
'''请注意，香港仍使用版权为著作权的正式法律名词，公共领域为公有领域。'''

因为IMSLP的两台主服务器位于加拿大（一台在蒙特利尔，一台在多伦多），IMSLP遵守'''加拿大著作权法'''，其可能与您所在国家的著作权法有所不同。加拿大著作权法最简短的总结是'''作曲家以及（如果存在的）其他作者，在去世后50年内拥有著作权'''。

只有在WTO（世界贸易组织）成员国或伯尔尼公约签署国首次出版的作品才受加拿大著作权法保护。不过，这在大多数情况下是追溯应用，除非作品在两公约之一签署时已经在本国（即首次出版的国家）位于公有领域。<br>

有些作品在美国位于公有领域，但在加拿大和其他国家尚不位于公有领域。这是由于美国法律对1978年前出版的作品，从首次出版之日起计算时间。如果该作品首次发表时间早于1923年（请参见[[公有领域#1923年之前发表的作品|1923年之前发表的作品]]），或在1923至1963年间在美国初版而没有著作权更新（请参见[[公有领域#美国1923-1963著作权法|1923-1963著作权法]]），则几乎可以肯定在美国位于公有领域。目前，IMSLP没有位于美国的服务器，因此当前在美国位于公有领域的作品无法在这里发布，例如Dover版的斯特拉文斯基“春之祭”。

'''请注意：某一乐谱的总著作权长度（即进入公有领域前的长度）等于给了三个有关方（作曲家，出版商，和编辑，如果有的话）的最长的著作权期限。'''例如，一张1985年Henle出版的贝多芬奏鸣曲复刻版乐谱受著作权法保护（据主编编者的作品未进入公有领域，加上这版的初始排版也受著作权保护，而且25年德国净版（urtext）著作权期仍然有效）。然而，1995年的Dover版，只不过是一个旧版的重印，''是属于''公有领域（除了标题页和封面外，即Dover添加的页等；出版商没有著作权因为这版的初始排版属于公有领域；公有领域排版的重印没有著作权）。著作权声明通常可在乐谱第一页的底部找到。

我们期望上传者大量努力保证'''上传的作品位于加拿大公有领域。'''请加相应的评注到作品页或文件条目上。虽然位于加拿大公有领域但在美国受保护的作品允许加入存档，扫描并上传这样的作品，对于住在美国的用户，有可能构成违反美国法律。与加拿大和欧盟法律相反，任何1978年以前出版的作品的''首次出版日期''对确定美国著作权情况绝对重要。

以下表格列出了著作权情况的简要概述。 '''请注意，这些表格只列出某首作品在那种条件下属于公有领域，在加拿大（及著作权期是寿命加上50年的国家）美国，欧盟，俄罗斯（及著作权期是寿命加上70年的国家)'''。这是2011年的情况。除了在美国以外（出版日期最重要），限制年1941和1960每年都会改变。所谓“作者”指作曲家，配器作曲家，编曲家，或编者。'''

===<center><font size=3>'''在1923年<u>之前</u>首次出版的作品的著作权，如果作者已知'''</font></center>===

{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%" style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:10px"
|-
!作者去世!!加拿大，<br>终身加50年的国家!!美国!!欧盟，俄罗斯，<br>终身加70年的国家!!IMSLP上使用的模板
|-

| < {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域<br>（终身加50年）</center>
|rowspan="3" style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域<br>（所有意图和目的之内无例外†）</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域（终身加70年）</center>
| 无：永远是公有领域

|-
| {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}

|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受著作权保护</center>
| 作品：[[Template:WorkNonPD-EU]]

|-
| > {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受著作权保护</center>
|
{|
|-
|作曲家：[[Template:Copyright]]
|-
|作品：[[Template:Work1923]] <br>
|-
|文件：[[Template:File1923]]（'''美国服务器托管！'''）
|}
|}
*†（某些1909年后出版的外国作品可能在美国西部各州受美国第九巡回上诉法院管辖范围下的保护。）

===<center><font size=3>'''在1923年<u>之后</u>首次出版的作品的著作权，如果作者已知'''</font></center>===

{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%" style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:10px"
|-
!作者去世!!加拿大，<br>终身加50年的国家!!美国!!欧盟，俄罗斯，<br>终身加70年的国家!!IMSLP上使用的模板
|-

|-

| < {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域（终身加50年）</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受著作权保护，<br>除非提供非续期与强制执行通知书地位证明‡</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域（终身加70年）</center>
| [[Template:WorkNonPD-US]]<br> [[Template:FileNonPD-US]]

|-
| {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受著作权保护，<br>除非提供非续期与强制执行通知书地位证明‡</center>
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受著作权保护</center>
|
{|
|作曲家：[[Template:ComposerNonPD-USandEU]]
|-
|作品：[[Template:WorkNonPD-USandEU]]<br>
|-
|文件：[[Template:FileNonPD-USandEU]]
|}

|-
| > {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受著作权保护</center>
|
{|
|作曲家：[[Template:Copyright]]
|-
|作品：[[Template:WorknotPD]] <br>
|-
|文件：[[Template:FilenotPD]]
|}
|}
    ‡（美国：非续期与强制执行通知书地位证明只适用于1923年至1963年发表的作品。所有1964年至1977年出版的作品已自动续期，享受首次出版后95年的任期。1978年和之后发表的作品受终身加70年的著作权保护。）

===<center><font size=3>'''企业著作权的作品，作者未知'''</font></center>===

{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%" style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:10px"
|-
!发表年!!加拿大，<br>终身加50年的国家!!美国!!欧盟，俄罗斯，<br>终身加70年的国家!!IMSLP上使用的模板
|-
| < 1923
|rowspan=3 style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域（发表加50年）</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域</center>
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域发表<br>（发表加70年，大多数国家）</center>
| 无：永远是公有领域

|-
| 1923-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-71}}
|rowspan=3 style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受著作权保护（发表加95年），<br>除非在1996年已经在首次出版的国家进入公有领域</center>
|文件：[[Template:FileNonPD-US]]

|-
| {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受著作权保护</center>
|文件：[[Template:FileNonPD-USandEU]]

|-
| > {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受著作权保护</center>
|文件：[[Template:FilenotPD]]

|}
<br>

==Editions of Public Domain Works==
===Determining the Type of Edition===
There is no copyright in Canada purely in the act of publication itself. Thus any non-edited reprint or re-engraving of a public domain edition is also public domain. However, in the case that there is significant anonymous editing, Canadian copyright law does state that copyright persists for publication + 50 years for such works, or until the editor becomes publicly known, in which case it reverts back to the life + 50 years. However, because of the uncertain nature, the use of this clause is discouraged. Unlike Canada, the date of publication is extremely significant in determining the public domain status of works in the US (see [[Public domain#US pre-1923 copyright law|Pre-1923 copyright law]]). The term "edition" or the credit "edited by" has been liberally applied by publishers for items ranging from serious re-arrangements and re-orchestrations of the original work to completely unaltered reprints of older, public domain scores.

Insignificant editorial contributions have no copyright in themselves, whereas significant ones often do. For an edition to qualify for a full term of the editor's life+50 years (or indeed any copyright term at all), the editor's contribution to the work must be of a significant and original nature - referred to in legal terms as the "threshold of originality". The following is a non-exhaustive list of significant and insignificant editing actions:

*Most Significant: Transcriptions, orchestrations, arrangements, creative realizations of continuo or figured bass parts.
*Less Significant: Adding original (new) fingerings, articulations, slurs, dynamic and tempo markings, routine chordal realizations of figured basses.
*Insignificant: Transposition, error correction, translation of common expressions and instrument names.
*Insignificant: Adding fingerings, articulations, slurs, dynamic and tempo markings from other public domain sources.

===净版 or Critical Editions===
There are special provisions in several countries for a limited copyright for scholarly editions, which include critical, urtext or "scientific" editions (notably those of Bärenreiter and other German publishers). Please read the [[Public domain#Copyright Laws by Country or Territory|Copyright Laws by Country or Territory]] section for more detailed information. Although it is unlikely that this type of edition, apart from any editorial prefaces, annotations and commentary, contains insufficient original material to qualify for copyright status in Canada, IMSLP as a courtesy voluntarily prohibits the posting of critical or urtext edtions published less than 25 years ago, with the exception of those issued by government agencies or government-owned corporations (such as those issued by the USSR state publishing concern before the late 1991 demise of the Soviet Union).

===Posthumously Published Works (Editio Princeps)===
Works that are first published after the expiration of the copyright term of that composer enjoy a limited copyright term in most countries under the ''Editio Princeps'' concept. In most countries, including the EU countries, this term is 25 years after first publication. Some countries are more strict about what qualifies as first publication, however. In the case of long-dead composers, a public performance might count as the first publication for the purpose of determining which works qualify for ''editio princeps'' in some countries.
=====加拿大=====
Any work which was "performed or delivered" in a composer's lifetime counts as being "published." For the purpose of calculating the copyright term, the date of performance or delivery counts as publication.
*Works created after July 25, 1997 are protected for the author's lifetime plus 50 years.
*Works created before July 25, 1997 fall into three categories.
#The work of a deceased author that is published, performed or delivered prior to July 25, 1997, will retain copyright from the date of publication (performance or delivery), plus 50 years, to the end of that calendar year.
#The unpublished work of an author who was deceased during the 50 years prior to July 25, 1997 (died after July 25, 1947), retained copyright until December 31, 1997 (the remainder of the calendar year in which Bill C-32 came into force), plus 50 years following the end of that calendar year. The unpublished, unperformed or undelivered works of authors who died after July 25, 1947 will therefore enter Canada's public domain on January 1, 2048.
#The unpublished work of an author who deceased more than 50 years prior to July 25, 1997, retains copyright until December 31, 1997 (the remainder of the calendar year in which Bill C-32 came into force), plus five years following the end of that calendar year. The unpublished, unperformed or undelivered works of authors who died before July 25, 1947 entered Canada's public domain on January 1, 2003.

=====欧洲联盟=====
*In the EU, no additional copyright is granted to the publisher, and the copyright expires with that of the author for works first published before the expiration of the normal copyright term. However individual EU countries, the UK in particular, might have transitional term extensions for works in this category.

=====美国=====
*Works first published posthumously between 1923 and 1977 with the proper copyright notice, registration and renewal are protected up to 95 years, while works of this nature first published from 1978-2002 are protected until Jan. 1, 2049. Works of authors dead more than 70 years first published after 2002 are not subject to any copyright protection themselves, but only as a new edition or other derivative work.

===重印版===
Reprint editions of publications that are in public domain are not subject to copyright in Canada, the USA, the EU, and most (if not all) or the world. This is not only the case for paper reprints, but also for scanned reprints available on digital media or on the web. No copyright can be claimed on the scanning of a public domain work (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgeman_Art_Library_v._Corel_Corp. Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp. case]), regardless of whether the original scanned is in printed or manuscript form.

==国际著作权条约==
:''请参见：''
:*[http://www.wipo.int/treaties/zh/ip/berne/index.html 伯尔尼公约]
:*[http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/保护文学和艺术作品伯尔尼公约伯尔尼公约（维基百科）]
:*[[wikipedia:Wikipedia:Public_domain#Rule_of_the_shorter_term|Rule of the shorter term]]
:*[[wikipedia:List_of_parties_to_international_copyright_treaties|List of parties to international copyright treaties (look up TRIPS agreement here]]
:*[http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ38a.pdf International Copyright Relations of the United Stats] - lists bilateral treaties
===[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_the_shorter_term Rule of the Shorter Term]===

====伯尔尼公约签约国====
This rule basically states that if a work is in the public domain in the country of origin, it is also public domain in any signatory country to the Berne convention that has formally opted to apply the Rule. This rule has '''not''' been adopted by the USA or Canada, though Canada applies a form of "Rule of the Shorter Term" for works originating in non-NAFTA countries (section 9).

The European Union applies the Rule of the Shorter Term for works whose country of origin is outside the EU. Thus, a work by an American composer which entered the public domain in the USA, is not granted any additional protection in the EU, unless it happens to be covered under a bilateral treaty made between the USA and the EU country in question.

The principle of Country of Origin has not clearly been defined and is thus subject to interpretation. It can be defined by the nationality of the author, or by the country or countries of first publication of the work.

====北美自由贸易协定缔约方之间====
加拿大著作权（章节9（2））规定：
''"Authors who are nationals of any country, other than a country that is a party to the North American Free Trade Agreement, that grants a term of protection shorter than that mentioned in subsection (1) are not entitled to claim a longer term of protection in Canada."''

An important implication of this paragraph is that U.S. publications, pre-1923, are '''not''' automatically public domain in Canada as the U.S.A. is member of the NAFTA.

The applicable NAFTA paragraph says:
Article 1703: National Treatment

1. Each Party shall accord to nationals of another Party treatment no less favorable than that it<br> accords to its own nationals with regard to the protection and enforcement of all intellectual<br> property rights.

==各国家或地区的著作权法==
===澳大利亚===
任何在1954年或之前去世的作家一生内发表的作品不受著作权保护。在1955年或之后去世的作家的作品著作权期限是70年。
===欧洲联盟===
The primary objective of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_on_harmonising_the_term_of_copyright_protection 93/98/EC Copyright Directive], consolidated in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_2006/116/EC 2006/11/EC Directive], was the harmonization of the copyright term for EU countries at life-plus-70 years, including a restoration to copyright status for works which had entered the public domain member countries with life-plus-50 terms at the time. Ariticle 5 is of particular importance with respect to editions of public domain music and states that member states may protect "critical and scientific publications of works which have come into the public domain" for a ''maximum of thirty years'' after publication (italics added). Article 4 grants copyright to the publisher of a public domain work which was previously unpublished for 25 years after the date of first publication (Editio Princeps), provided that the work in question is "legally published" in accordance with the specific laws of the country in which such publication occurs.
===捷克共和国===
所有捷克政府的作品都属于公有领域。这明显影响到Artia/Orbis/SNKLHU/Supraphon，一个1948年至1989年的政府机构。请查看[http://www.osa.cz/upload/czech_copyright_act.pdf 捷克共和国著作权法]（文件托管于OSA，捷克作家人权组织）。
===英国===
基本著作权期是最后在世作者寿命加上70年。匿名版享受出版后70年的著作权保护。如果没有出版，匿名版享受创建后70年的著作权保护。

英国有个特殊法律有关[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/official-publications/publishing-guidance/copyright-in-typographical-arrangement.htm “排印安排（英文）”]。“排印安排”基本上是意味着重新刻印。“版式设计”只受发表长度加25年的著作权保护[http://www.copyrightservice.co.uk/copyright/p01_uk_copyright_law （请看“英国著作权法”，语言：英文）]。这会影响到很多迁移到英国的德国出版社（如Eulenburg）。

===法国===
从1995年1月1日起，基本著作权期是最后在世作者寿命加上70年。匿名版享受出版后70年的著作权保护。如果没有出版，匿名版享受创建后70年的著作权保护。There is 30 extra years for authors who 'died in action' (like Jehan Alain). In addition, posthumous works are copyrighted 25 years from the year of publication. However, protection of musical works enjoys special time extension compensating for the war period (WWI and WWII). For composers who died before January 1, 1995, the time protection after death is 78 years and 120 days for works published between January 1, 1921 and December 31, 1947 and 84 years and 272 days for works published until December 31, 1920. This is why none of Ravel’s work is Public Domain in France in 2009 while it is so in many European countries.
[http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/fr/fr062en.html], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_copyright_law], [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droit_d%27auteur_en_France],[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prorogations_de_guerre]

===德国===
基本著作权期是最后在世作者寿命加上70年。匿名版享受出版后70年的著作权保护。如果没有出版，匿名版享受创建后70年的著作权保护。Posthumous first-time publications are protected for only 25 years after publication.

As per [http://www.iuscomp.org/gla/statutes/UrhG.htm#70 Article 70] of the German Urheberrechtsgesetz (copyright law), scientific editions, which is to say editions which are produced as a result of scientific analysis (i.e. scholarly or critical editions and urtext), have a copyright length of only publication + 25 years, meaning that all such scientific editions published in Germany before 1983 are in the public domain there. However, arrangements, transcriptions, orchestrations, continuo realizations, and interpretative editions enjoy a full term of protection of life-plus-70 years.

===匈牙利===
* Basic protection: 70 years p.m.a.
* Posthumous publication: 25 years post-publication

::See also: [[Neue Liszt-Ausgabe]]

===意大利===
* Basic protection: 70 p.m.a.
* Scientific and critical editions: 20 years [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/it/it112en.html]
* ''Rights belonging to the State, the provinces, the communes, the academies or public cultural organizations, or to private legal entities of a non-profit making character'': 20 years

===葡萄牙===
Portugal's basic copyright term is only '''50 years''' after death of the last surviving author ''(even in the case of posthumously published works''), or 50 years after publication if no author is identified. Portuguese copyright law reserves a separate article for ''Translation, arrangement, instrumentation, dramatization, filming and, in general, any transformation of a work'' but does not clearly specify a copyright protection for these works. ([http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=129418 Law text at WIPO])

===俄罗斯／苏联===
The present Russian copyright law is extremely complicated. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_in_Russia WP]). '''Basically, works of authors who died before 1953 are in public domain, whereas authors died 1953 or later are protected for 70 years'''. The law of Tzarist Russia was very similar to that of Germany, where works were granted a copyright term of life plus 50 years. However, Russia was ''not'' a signatory to the Berne Copyright Treaty (1888) and works of Russian composers were protected in Europe only via co-publication agreements between Russian publishers like Jurgenson and Bessel with firms in the West like D. Rahter, Bote & Bock, and Breitkopf & Härtel.

With the communist revolution of 1917, this situation changed drastically. Individual copyright was abolished along with all other forms of property ownership. This change was disasterous for the copyright status of Russian composers - even those living in the West like Prokofiev, Rachmaninov, and Stravinsky. Since all works - whether Soviet or foreign - effectively became the property of the state in the USSR, all Soviet works were held to be public domain in Western countries, even those of expatriate Soviet citizens. In order to comply with treaties to secure Western copyright status for works of Soviet authors, the Soviet goverment finally introduced a limited term of publication plus 15 years in the 1930s. However, the Soviet state (USSR) completely controlled publication of all works of living or deceased persons on which the state acclaimed copyright. Although the original works of Soviet composers have been given copyright status elsewhere thanks to several treaties, editions of public domain works issued by [[Muzgiz|Muzyka]], the Soviet state music publishing agency, are generally considered to be in the public domain, as they were prepared by state employees working for a government agency, and the copyright owner (the USSR) ceased to exist in late 1991.
::''See also: [[Neue Liszt-Ausgabe]]''

===美国===
====1923年之前发表的作品====
基本上，所有在1923年之前出版的作品属于美国公共领域。目前，除了只影响到西部各州的美国第九巡回上诉法院离奇裁决外，在1923年之前发表的''任何作品''，不论在何地首次发表，属于美国公共领域。

参考：[http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/training/Hirtle_Public_Domain.htm Cornell大学著作权中心]。

====1923年至1963年之间发表的作品====
在美国，美国作者和著作权持有人在1923年至1963年之间发表的作品，'''如果著作权未续期'''或'''如果发表作品时没有正确的著作权公告'''，属于公共领域。目前，唯一的探明1950年以前发表作品续期状态的办法是亲自到美国著作权局进行正式记录搜查或付款，由著作权局自己进行正式搜查。其后记录在[http://www.copyright.gov/records/ 美国著作权局（英语）网站]上提供。此数据库只索引从1978年起的记录，包括首先在1950年出版的作品的续期。1923年至1977年之间的非音乐记录索引在[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/11800 Gutenberg项目（英语）]。

====美国对1923年至1978年之间发表的外国作品的版权恢复====
一些来自这个时期的外国作品，由未能符合美国法律的通知及续期规定，曾属于公有领域。只有不属于其来源国公共领域的作品，因《关税及贸易总协定》（GATT）／《与贸易有关的知识产权协定的规定》(TRIPS）修正案规定（1996年1月1日有效），已经恢复版权保护状态。在1996年1月1日之前进入其来源国公共领域的作品没有资格恢复美国版权。其他情况下适用于美国版权法律。有关详细信息，请读[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-U.S._copyrights “非美国著作权”，英文维基百科文章]。

====美国政府作品====
所有美国政府部门作品属于公有领域。

==唱片==
唱片著作权包含两个层次：
* 1）唱片的音乐作品的著作权状况；
* 2）声音录音本身的著作权。
这章节所提述的期限长度只涉及到声音录音本身的著作权。关于基础音乐作品的著作权，请看文章主文。
====欧盟====
唱片在'''合法发表后50年'''进入公有领域。
====加拿大====
唱片著作权持续到唱片首次固定'''日历年年底之后50年'''。“首次固定”是录音时间时，当表演“固定”到磁带或其他有形媒介物的日期。表演者的表演受唱片首次固定后50年的著作权保护，或表演之后50年，如果没有固定。
====美国====
唱片直到1972年才受美国著作权法保护。所有在该日期之前作出的唱片，包括1923年之前出版的唱片，直到2067年2月15日都可能受到著作权保护。这是由于这些唱片可能是根据普通法著作权和各国贸易法律的保护。在1972年2月15日到1989年3月1日之间，没有规定通知发表的唱片都可能属于公有领域，尤其是在1972年和1977年之间发表的唱片。1978年1月1日之后，通知遗漏或错误可纠正，如果是在遗漏或错误发生之内5年向著作权办公室申请。

==模板和相应分类（英语）==
'''作曲家'''
{|style="margin-left:20px; border:1px solid gray"
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:Copyright|Copyright]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Non-Public Domain Composers]]
|非公有领域著作权作曲家
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:ComposerNonPD-USandEU|ComposerNonPD-USandEU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:ComposerNonPD-USandEU]]
|非美国公有领域、非欧盟作曲家
|}

'''作品'''
{|style="margin-left:20px; border:1px solid gray"
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:Work1923|Work1923]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Works1923]]
|1923年的作品
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorkNonPD-USandEU|WorkNonPD-USandEU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:WorkNonPD-USandEU]]
|非美国公有领域、非欧盟作品
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorkNonPD-EU|WorkNonPD-EU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:WorkNonPD-EU]]
|非欧盟公有领域作品
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorkNonPD-US|WorkNonPD-US]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:WorkNonPD-US]]
|非美国公有领域作品
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorknotPD|WorknotPD]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Works not in public domain]]
|非公有领域作品
|}

'''文件'''
{|style="margin-left:20px; border:1px solid gray"
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:File1923|File1923]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:File1923]]
|1923年的文件
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FileNonPD-USandEU|FileNonPD-USandEU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-USandEU]]
|非美国公有领域、非欧盟文件
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FileNonPD-EU|FileNonPD-EU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-EU]]
|非欧盟公有领域文件
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FileNonPD-US|FileNonPD-US]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-US]]
|非美国公有领域文件
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FilenotPD|FilenotPD]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Files not in public domain]]
|非公有领域文件
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:CopyrightPermGranted|CopyrightPermGranted]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-PermissionGranted]]
|获得著作权许可证
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:Urtext|Urtext]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Urtext]]
|净版
|}

==在未来数年将进入公有领域的作曲家==
*'''2011'''
**''终身加70年的国家（欧盟和欧洲大部分地区）''
***Paul Juon (1872-1940)
**''终身加50年的国家（加拿大，中国，日本，南韩，等）''
***Hugo Alfvén (1872-1960)
***Ernst Dahlke (1877-1960)
***Ernő Dohnányi (1877-1960)
***Mátyás Seiber (1906-1960)
*'''2012'''
**''终身加70年的国家（欧盟和欧洲大部分地区）''
***Ignace Paderewski
***Frank Bridge
***Christian Sinding
***Wilhelm Kienzl (1857-1941)
**''终身加50年的国家（加拿大，中国，日本，南韩，等）''
***York Bowen (1884-1961)
***Percy Grainger (1882-1961)
***Uuno Klami (1900-1961)
***Carlos Salzédo (1885-1961)
*'''2013'''
**''终身加70年的国家（欧盟和欧洲大部分地区）''
***Alexander von Zemlinsky (1871-1942)
***Hugo Distler (1908-1942)
**''终身加50年的国家（加拿大，中国，日本，南韩，等）''
***Alfred Cortot (1877-1962)
***Irving Fine (1914-1962)
***Eugene Goossens (1893-1962)
***Jacques Ibert (1890-1962)
***John Ireland (1879-1962)
***Fritz Kreisler (1875-1962)
*'''2014'''
**''终身加70年的国家（欧盟和欧洲大部分地区）''
***Sergei Wassiljewitsch Rachmaninow (1873-1943)
*** Josef Venantius von Wöss (1863-1943)，许多钢琴简化版
*'''2016'''
**''终身加50年的国家（加拿大，中国，日本，南韩，等）''
***Joseph Ryelandt (1870-1965)
***Edgard Varèse (1883-1965)

==参考资料==
* [http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/公有领域维基百科（公有领域）]
* [http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/training/Hirtle_Public_Domain.htm 一个非常有用的表格]，关于美国著作权法（Cornell大学，语言：英语）。
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_situations_by_country 维基百科（各国家的著作权情况，语言：英语）]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries'_copyright_length 维基百科（每个国家的著作权期长度列表，语言：英语）]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_copyright_law 维基百科（加拿大著作权法，语言：英语）]
* [http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/C-42/index.html 加拿大著作权法，语言：英语] (章节:[http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/C-42/page-2.html#anchorbo-ga:l_I-gb:s_6 著作权期限，语言：英语])
* [http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.zh 世界知识产权组织]，提供所有国家的立法文本。
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-U.S._copyrights 维基百科（非美国著作权，语言：英语）]

==参见==
* [[Historical Publication Info|出版历史信息]]（英文）

Template:OtherLangs:公有领域

2011-04-17T18:18:30Z

Will W W:

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<center><span style="color:crimson">'''请注意：IMSLP不能保证此网页上所有的信息在法律上是正确无误的。为此，IMSLP不承担任何责任或法律责任。</span></center>
<br>
== 加拿大著作权基础 ==
'''请注意，香港仍使用版权为著作权的正式法律名词，公共领域为公有领域。'''

因为IMSLP的两台主服务器位于加拿大（一台在蒙特利尔，一台在多伦多），IMSLP遵守'''加拿大著作权法'''，其可能与您所在国家的著作权法有所不同。加拿大著作权法最简短的总结是'''作曲家以及（如果存在的）其他作者，在去世后50年内拥有著作权'''。

只有在WTO（世界贸易组织）成员国或伯尔尼公约签署国首次出版的作品才受加拿大著作权法保护。不过，这在大多数情况下是追溯应用，除非作品在两公约之一签署时已经在本国（即首次出版的国家）位于公有领域。<br>

有些作品在美国位于公有领域，但在加拿大和其他国家尚不位于公有领域。这是由于美国法律对1978年前出版的作品，从首次出版之日起计算时间。如果该作品在1923年前初版（请参见[[公有领域#美国1923前著作权法|1923前著作权法]]），或者在1923至1963年间在美国初版而没有著作权更新（请参见[[公有领域#美国1923-1963著作权法|1923-1963著作权法]]），则几乎可以肯定在美国位于公有领域。目前，IMSLP没有位于美国的服务器，因此当前在美国位于公有领域的作品无法在这里发布，例如Dover版的斯特拉文斯基“春之祭”。

'''请注意：某一乐谱的总著作权长度（即进入公有领域前的长度）等于给了三个有关方（作曲家，出版商，和编辑，如果有的话）的最长的著作权期限。'''例如，一张1985年Henle出版的贝多芬奏鸣曲复刻版乐谱受著作权法保护（据主编编者的作品未进入公有领域，加上这版的初始排版也受著作权保护，而且25年德国净版（urtext）著作权期仍然有效）。然而，1995年的Dover版，只不过是一个旧版的重印，''是属于''公有领域（除了标题页和封面外，即Dover添加的页等；出版商没有著作权因为这版的初始排版属于公有领域；公有领域排版的重印没有著作权）。著作权声明通常可在乐谱第一页的底部找到。

我们期望上传者大量努力保证'''上传的作品位于加拿大公有领域。'''请加相应的评注到作品页或文件条目上。虽然位于加拿大公有领域但在美国受保护的作品允许加入存档，扫描并上传这样的作品，对于住在美国的用户，有可能构成违反美国法律。与加拿大和欧盟法律相反，任何1978年以前出版的作品的''首次出版日期''对确定美国著作权情况绝对重要。

以下表格列出了著作权情况的简要概述。 '''请注意，这些表格只列出某首作品在那种条件下属于公有领域，在加拿大（及著作权期是寿命加上50年的国家）美国，欧盟，俄罗斯（及著作权期是寿命加上70年的国家)'''。这是2011年的情况。除了在美国以外（出版日期最重要），限制年1941和1960每年都会改变。所谓“作者”指作曲家，配器作曲家，编曲家，或编者。'''

===<center><font size=3>'''在1923年<u>之前</u>首次出版的作品的著作权，如果作者已知'''</font></center>===

{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%" style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:10px"
|-
!作者去世!!加拿大，<br>终身加50年的国家!!美国!!欧盟，俄罗斯，<br>终身加70年的国家!!IMSLP上使用的模板
|-

| < {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域<br>（终身加50年）</center>
|rowspan="3" style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域<br>（所有意图和目的之内无例外†）</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域（终身加70年）</center>
| 无：永远是公有领域

|-
| {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}

|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受著作权保护</center>
| 作品：[[Template:WorkNonPD-EU]]

|-
| > {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受著作权保护</center>
|
{|
|-
|作曲家：[[Template:Copyright]]
|-
|作品：[[Template:Work1923]] <br>
|-
|文件：[[Template:File1923]]（'''美国服务器托管！'''）
|}
|}
*†（某些1909年后出版的外国作品可能在美国西部各州受美国第九巡回上诉法院管辖范围下的保护。）

===<center><font size=3>'''在1923年<u>之后</u>首次出版的作品的著作权，如果作者已知'''</font></center>===

{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%" style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:10px"
|-
!作者去世!!加拿大，<br>终身加50年的国家!!美国!!欧盟，俄罗斯，<br>终身加70年的国家!!IMSLP上使用的模板
|-

|-

| < {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域（终身加50年）</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受著作权保护，<br>除非提供非续期与强制执行通知书地位证明‡</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域（终身加70年）</center>
| [[Template:WorkNonPD-US]]<br> [[Template:FileNonPD-US]]

|-
| {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受著作权保护，<br>除非提供非续期与强制执行通知书地位证明‡</center>
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受著作权保护</center>
|
{|
|作曲家：[[Template:ComposerNonPD-USandEU]]
|-
|作品：[[Template:WorkNonPD-USandEU]]<br>
|-
|文件：[[Template:FileNonPD-USandEU]]
|}

|-
| > {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受著作权保护</center>
|
{|
|作曲家：[[Template:Copyright]]
|-
|作品：[[Template:WorknotPD]] <br>
|-
|文件：[[Template:FilenotPD]]
|}
|}
    ‡（美国：非续期与强制执行通知书地位证明只适用于1923年至1963年发表的作品。所有1964年至1977年出版的作品已自动续期，享受首次出版后95年的任期。1978年和之后发表的作品受终身加70年的著作权保护。）

===<center><font size=3>'''企业著作权的作品，作者未知'''</font></center>===

{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%" style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:10px"
|-
!发表年!!加拿大，<br>终身加50年的国家!!美国!!欧盟，俄罗斯，<br>终身加70年的国家!!IMSLP上使用的模板
|-
| < 1923
|rowspan=3 style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域（发表加50年）</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域</center>
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域发表<br>（发表加70年，大多数国家）</center>
| 无：永远是公有领域

|-
| 1923-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-71}}
|rowspan=3 style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受著作权保护（发表加95年），<br>除非在1996年已经在首次出版的国家进入公有领域</center>
|文件：[[Template:FileNonPD-US]]

|-
| {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受著作权保护</center>
|文件：[[Template:FileNonPD-USandEU]]

|-
| > {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受著作权保护</center>
|文件：[[Template:FilenotPD]]

|}
<br>

==Editions of Public Domain Works==
===Determining the Type of Edition===
There is no copyright in Canada purely in the act of publication itself. Thus any non-edited reprint or re-engraving of a public domain edition is also public domain. However, in the case that there is significant anonymous editing, Canadian copyright law does state that copyright persists for publication + 50 years for such works, or until the editor becomes publicly known, in which case it reverts back to the life + 50 years. However, because of the uncertain nature, the use of this clause is discouraged. Unlike Canada, the date of publication is extremely significant in determining the public domain status of works in the US (see [[Public domain#US pre-1923 copyright law|Pre-1923 copyright law]]). The term "edition" or the credit "edited by" has been liberally applied by publishers for items ranging from serious re-arrangements and re-orchestrations of the original work to completely unaltered reprints of older, public domain scores.

Insignificant editorial contributions have no copyright in themselves, whereas significant ones often do. For an edition to qualify for a full term of the editor's life+50 years (or indeed any copyright term at all), the editor's contribution to the work must be of a significant and original nature - referred to in legal terms as the "threshold of originality". The following is a non-exhaustive list of significant and insignificant editing actions:

*Most Significant: Transcriptions, orchestrations, arrangements, creative realizations of continuo or figured bass parts.
*Less Significant: Adding original (new) fingerings, articulations, slurs, dynamic and tempo markings, routine chordal realizations of figured basses.
*Insignificant: Transposition, error correction, translation of common expressions and instrument names.
*Insignificant: Adding fingerings, articulations, slurs, dynamic and tempo markings from other public domain sources.

===净版 or Critical Editions===
There are special provisions in several countries for a limited copyright for scholarly editions, which include critical, urtext or "scientific" editions (notably those of Bärenreiter and other German publishers). Please read the [[Public domain#Copyright Laws by Country or Territory|Copyright Laws by Country or Territory]] section for more detailed information. Although it is unlikely that this type of edition, apart from any editorial prefaces, annotations and commentary, contains insufficient original material to qualify for copyright status in Canada, IMSLP as a courtesy voluntarily prohibits the posting of critical or urtext edtions published less than 25 years ago, with the exception of those issued by government agencies or government-owned corporations (such as those issued by the USSR state publishing concern before the late 1991 demise of the Soviet Union).

===Posthumously Published Works (Editio Princeps)===
Works that are first published after the expiration of the copyright term of that composer enjoy a limited copyright term in most countries under the ''Editio Princeps'' concept. In most countries, including the EU countries, this term is 25 years after first publication. Some countries are more strict about what qualifies as first publication, however. In the case of long-dead composers, a public performance might count as the first publication for the purpose of determining which works qualify for ''editio princeps'' in some countries.
=====加拿大=====
Any work which was "performed or delivered" in a composer's lifetime counts as being "published." For the purpose of calculating the copyright term, the date of performance or delivery counts as publication.
*Works created after July 25, 1997 are protected for the author's lifetime plus 50 years.
*Works created before July 25, 1997 fall into three categories.
#The work of a deceased author that is published, performed or delivered prior to July 25, 1997, will retain copyright from the date of publication (performance or delivery), plus 50 years, to the end of that calendar year.
#The unpublished work of an author who was deceased during the 50 years prior to July 25, 1997 (died after July 25, 1947), retained copyright until December 31, 1997 (the remainder of the calendar year in which Bill C-32 came into force), plus 50 years following the end of that calendar year. The unpublished, unperformed or undelivered works of authors who died after July 25, 1947 will therefore enter Canada's public domain on January 1, 2048.
#The unpublished work of an author who deceased more than 50 years prior to July 25, 1997, retains copyright until December 31, 1997 (the remainder of the calendar year in which Bill C-32 came into force), plus five years following the end of that calendar year. The unpublished, unperformed or undelivered works of authors who died before July 25, 1947 entered Canada's public domain on January 1, 2003.

=====欧洲联盟=====
*In the EU, no additional copyright is granted to the publisher, and the copyright expires with that of the author for works first published before the expiration of the normal copyright term. However individual EU countries, the UK in particular, might have transitional term extensions for works in this category.

=====美国=====
*Works first published posthumously between 1923 and 1977 with the proper copyright notice, registration and renewal are protected up to 95 years, while works of this nature first published from 1978-2002 are protected until Jan. 1, 2049. Works of authors dead more than 70 years first published after 2002 are not subject to any copyright protection themselves, but only as a new edition or other derivative work.

===重印版===
Reprint editions of publications that are in public domain are not subject to copyright in Canada, the USA, the EU, and most (if not all) or the world. This is not only the case for paper reprints, but also for scanned reprints available on digital media or on the web. No copyright can be claimed on the scanning of a public domain work (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgeman_Art_Library_v._Corel_Corp. Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp. case]), regardless of whether the original scanned is in printed or manuscript form.

==国际著作权条约==
:''请参见：''
:*[http://www.wipo.int/treaties/zh/ip/berne/index.html 伯尔尼公约]
:*[http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/保护文学和艺术作品伯尔尼公约伯尔尼公约（维基百科）]
:*[[wikipedia:Wikipedia:Public_domain#Rule_of_the_shorter_term|Rule of the shorter term]]
:*[[wikipedia:List_of_parties_to_international_copyright_treaties|List of parties to international copyright treaties (look up TRIPS agreement here]]
:*[http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ38a.pdf International Copyright Relations of the United Stats] - lists bilateral treaties
===[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_the_shorter_term Rule of the Shorter Term]===

====伯尔尼公约签约国====
This rule basically states that if a work is in the public domain in the country of origin, it is also public domain in any signatory country to the Berne convention that has formally opted to apply the Rule. This rule has '''not''' been adopted by the USA or Canada, though Canada applies a form of "Rule of the Shorter Term" for works originating in non-NAFTA countries (section 9).

The European Union applies the Rule of the Shorter Term for works whose country of origin is outside the EU. Thus, a work by an American composer which entered the public domain in the USA, is not granted any additional protection in the EU, unless it happens to be covered under a bilateral treaty made between the USA and the EU country in question.

The principle of Country of Origin has not clearly been defined and is thus subject to interpretation. It can be defined by the nationality of the author, or by the country or countries of first publication of the work.

====北美自由贸易协定缔约方之间====
加拿大著作权（章节9（2））规定：
''"Authors who are nationals of any country, other than a country that is a party to the North American Free Trade Agreement, that grants a term of protection shorter than that mentioned in subsection (1) are not entitled to claim a longer term of protection in Canada."''

An important implication of this paragraph is that U.S. publications, pre-1923, are '''not''' automatically public domain in Canada as the U.S.A. is member of the NAFTA.

The applicable NAFTA paragraph says:
Article 1703: National Treatment

1. Each Party shall accord to nationals of another Party treatment no less favorable than that it<br> accords to its own nationals with regard to the protection and enforcement of all intellectual<br> property rights.

==各国家或地区的著作权法==
===澳大利亚===
任何在1954年或之前去世的作家一生内发表的作品不受著作权保护。在1955年或之后去世的作家的作品著作权期限是70年。
===欧洲联盟===
The primary objective of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_on_harmonising_the_term_of_copyright_protection 93/98/EC Copyright Directive], consolidated in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_2006/116/EC 2006/11/EC Directive], was the harmonization of the copyright term for EU countries at life-plus-70 years, including a restoration to copyright status for works which had entered the public domain member countries with life-plus-50 terms at the time. Ariticle 5 is of particular importance with respect to editions of public domain music and states that member states may protect "critical and scientific publications of works which have come into the public domain" for a ''maximum of thirty years'' after publication (italics added). Article 4 grants copyright to the publisher of a public domain work which was previously unpublished for 25 years after the date of first publication (Editio Princeps), provided that the work in question is "legally published" in accordance with the specific laws of the country in which such publication occurs.
===捷克共和国===
所有捷克政府的作品都属于公有领域。这明显影响到Artia/Orbis/SNKLHU/Supraphon，一个1948年至1989年的政府机构。请查看[http://www.osa.cz/upload/czech_copyright_act.pdf 捷克共和国著作权法]（文件托管于OSA，捷克作家人权组织）。
===英国===
基本著作权期是最后在世作者寿命加上70年。匿名版享受出版后70年的著作权保护。如果没有出版，匿名版享受创建后70年的著作权保护。

英国有个特殊法律有关[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/official-publications/publishing-guidance/copyright-in-typographical-arrangement.htm “排印安排（英文）”]。“排印安排”基本上是意味着重新刻印。“版式设计”只受发表长度加25年的著作权保护[http://www.copyrightservice.co.uk/copyright/p01_uk_copyright_law （请看“英国著作权法”，语言：英文）]。这会影响到很多迁移到英国的德国出版社（如Eulenburg）。

===法国===
从1995年1月1日起，基本著作权期是最后在世作者寿命加上70年。匿名版享受出版后70年的著作权保护。如果没有出版，匿名版享受创建后70年的著作权保护。There is 30 extra years for authors who 'died in action' (like Jehan Alain). In addition, posthumous works are copyrighted 25 years from the year of publication. However, protection of musical works enjoys special time extension compensating for the war period (WWI and WWII). For composers who died before January 1, 1995, the time protection after death is 78 years and 120 days for works published between January 1, 1921 and December 31, 1947 and 84 years and 272 days for works published until December 31, 1920. This is why none of Ravel’s work is Public Domain in France in 2009 while it is so in many European countries.
[http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/fr/fr062en.html], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_copyright_law], [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droit_d%27auteur_en_France],[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prorogations_de_guerre]

===德国===
基本著作权期是最后在世作者寿命加上70年。匿名版享受出版后70年的著作权保护。如果没有出版，匿名版享受创建后70年的著作权保护。Posthumous first-time publications are protected for only 25 years after publication.

As per [http://www.iuscomp.org/gla/statutes/UrhG.htm#70 Article 70] of the German Urheberrechtsgesetz (copyright law), scientific editions, which is to say editions which are produced as a result of scientific analysis (i.e. scholarly or critical editions and urtext), have a copyright length of only publication + 25 years, meaning that all such scientific editions published in Germany before 1983 are in the public domain there. However, arrangements, transcriptions, orchestrations, continuo realizations, and interpretative editions enjoy a full term of protection of life-plus-70 years.

===匈牙利===
* Basic protection: 70 years p.m.a.
* Posthumous publication: 25 years post-publication

::See also: [[Neue Liszt-Ausgabe]]

===意大利===
* Basic protection: 70 p.m.a.
* Scientific and critical editions: 20 years [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/it/it112en.html]
* ''Rights belonging to the State, the provinces, the communes, the academies or public cultural organizations, or to private legal entities of a non-profit making character'': 20 years

===葡萄牙===
Portugal's basic copyright term is only '''50 years''' after death of the last surviving author ''(even in the case of posthumously published works''), or 50 years after publication if no author is identified. Portuguese copyright law reserves a separate article for ''Translation, arrangement, instrumentation, dramatization, filming and, in general, any transformation of a work'' but does not clearly specify a copyright protection for these works. ([http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=129418 Law text at WIPO])

===俄罗斯／苏联===
The present Russian copyright law is extremely complicated. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_in_Russia WP]). '''Basically, works of authors who died before 1953 are in public domain, whereas authors died 1953 or later are protected for 70 years'''. The law of Tzarist Russia was very similar to that of Germany, where works were granted a copyright term of life plus 50 years. However, Russia was ''not'' a signatory to the Berne Copyright Treaty (1888) and works of Russian composers were protected in Europe only via co-publication agreements between Russian publishers like Jurgenson and Bessel with firms in the West like D. Rahter, Bote & Bock, and Breitkopf & Härtel.

With the communist revolution of 1917, this situation changed drastically. Individual copyright was abolished along with all other forms of property ownership. This change was disasterous for the copyright status of Russian composers - even those living in the West like Prokofiev, Rachmaninov, and Stravinsky. Since all works - whether Soviet or foreign - effectively became the property of the state in the USSR, all Soviet works were held to be public domain in Western countries, even those of expatriate Soviet citizens. In order to comply with treaties to secure Western copyright status for works of Soviet authors, the Soviet goverment finally introduced a limited term of publication plus 15 years in the 1930s. However, the Soviet state (USSR) completely controlled publication of all works of living or deceased persons on which the state acclaimed copyright. Although the original works of Soviet composers have been given copyright status elsewhere thanks to several treaties, editions of public domain works issued by [[Muzgiz|Muzyka]], the Soviet state music publishing agency, are generally considered to be in the public domain, as they were prepared by state employees working for a government agency, and the copyright owner (the USSR) ceased to exist in late 1991.
::''See also: [[Neue Liszt-Ausgabe]]''

===美国===
====Works published before 1923====
Basically, all works published before 1923 are in the public domain in the US. At present, except for a bizarre ruling from the US 9th Circuit Court of Appeals that affects only the western states, ''any work'' published before 1923 is public domain in the US, regardless of where it was first published.

Reference: [http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/training/Hirtle_Public_Domain.htm Cornell University's copyright center], though there are more.

====Works published between 1923 and 1963====
In the U.S., works of US authors and proprietors that are published in 1923-1963 are in the public domain '''if the copyright is not renewed''' or '''if the work was published without a proper copyright notice'''. Currently, the only way to ascertain renewal status for works published before 1950 is to conduct a formal search of the US Copyright Office records in person or pay for a formal search by the copyright office itself. Later records are available online at the [http://www.copyright.gov/records/ US copyright office website]. This database indexes only records from 1978, which include the renewals for works first published in 1950. Non-music records from 1923-1977 are indexed at [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/11800 Project Gutenberg].

====U.S. Copyright Restoration for Foreign Works published between 1923 and 1978====
Some foreign works from this period that were formerly public domain due to failure to comply with notice and renewal provisions of the US law have been restored to copyright status due to the provisions of the GATT/TRIPS amendments (effective Jan. 1, 1996) provided the work in question was not already public domain in its country of origin. Works that were public domain in their country of origin as of 1 January 1996, are not eligible for restoration of U.S. copyright. In other cases, US copyright laws applies. for details, read the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-U.S._copyrights Wikipedia article].

====美国政府的作品====
所有美国政府部门的作品属于公有领域。

==唱片==
唱片著作权包含两个层次：
* 1）唱片的音乐作品的著作权状况；
* 2）声音录音本身的著作权。
这章节所提述的期限长度只涉及到声音录音本身的著作权。关于基础音乐作品的著作权，请看[[Template:OtherLangs:公有领域#加拿大著作权基础|这文章的主文]]。
====欧盟====
唱片在'''合法发表后50年'''进入公有领域。
====加拿大====
唱片著作权持续到唱片首次固定'''日历年年底之后50年'''。“首次固定”是录音时间时，当表演“固定”到磁带或其他有形媒介物的日期。表演者的表演受唱片首次固定后50年的著作权保护，或表演之后50年，如果没有固定。
====美国====
唱片直到1972年才受美国著作权法保护。所有在该日期之前作出的唱片，包括1923年之前出版的唱片，直到2067年2月15日都可能受到著作权保护。这是由于这些唱片可能是根据普通法著作权和各国贸易法律的保护。在1972年2月15日到1989年3月1日之间，没有规定通知发表的唱片都可能是公有领域，尤其是在1972年和1977年发表的唱片。1978年1月1日之后，通知遗漏或错误可纠正，如果是在遗漏或错误发生之内5年向著作权办公室申请。

==模板和相应分类==
'''作曲家'''
{|style="margin-left:20px; border:1px solid gray"
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:Copyright|Copyright]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Non-Public Domain Composers]]
|非公有领域著作权作曲家
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:ComposerNonPD-USandEU|ComposerNonPD-USandEU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:ComposerNonPD-USandEU]]
|非美国公有领域、非欧盟作曲家
|}

'''作品'''
{|style="margin-left:20px; border:1px solid gray"
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:Work1923|Work1923]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Works1923]]
|1923年的作品
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorkNonPD-USandEU|WorkNonPD-USandEU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:WorkNonPD-USandEU]]
|非美国公有领域、非欧盟作品
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorkNonPD-EU|WorkNonPD-EU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:WorkNonPD-EU]]
|非欧盟公有领域作品
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorkNonPD-US|WorkNonPD-US]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:WorkNonPD-US]]
|非美国公有领域作品
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorknotPD|WorknotPD]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Works not in public domain]]
|非公有领域作品
|}

'''文件'''
{|style="margin-left:20px; border:1px solid gray"
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:File1923|File1923]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:File1923]]
|1923年的文件
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FileNonPD-USandEU|FileNonPD-USandEU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-USandEU]]
|非美国公有领域、非欧盟文件
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FileNonPD-EU|FileNonPD-EU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-EU]]
|非欧盟公有领域文件
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FileNonPD-US|FileNonPD-US]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-US]]
|非美国公有领域文件
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FilenotPD|FilenotPD]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Files not in public domain]]
|非公有领域文件
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:CopyrightPermGranted|CopyrightPermGranted]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-PermissionGranted]]
|获得著作权许可证
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:Urtext|Urtext]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Urtext]]
|净版
|}

==在未来数年将进入公有领域的作曲家==
*'''2011'''
**''终身加70年的国家（欧盟和欧洲大部分地区）''
***Paul Juon (1872-1940)
**''终身加50年的国家（加拿大，中国，日本，南韩，等）''
***Hugo Alfvén (1872-1960)
***Ernst Dahlke (1877-1960)
***Ernő Dohnányi (1877-1960)
***Mátyás Seiber (1906-1960)
*'''2012'''
**''终身加70年的国家（欧盟和欧洲大部分地区）''
***Ignace Paderewski
***Frank Bridge
***Christian Sinding
***Wilhelm Kienzl (1857-1941)
**''终身加50年的国家（加拿大，中国，日本，南韩，等）''
***York Bowen (1884-1961)
***Percy Grainger (1882-1961)
***Uuno Klami (1900-1961)
***Carlos Salzédo (1885-1961)
*'''2013'''
**''终身加70年的国家（欧盟和欧洲大部分地区）''
***Alexander von Zemlinsky (1871-1942)
***Hugo Distler (1908-1942)
**''终身加50年的国家（加拿大，中国，日本，南韩，等）''
***Alfred Cortot (1877-1962)
***Irving Fine (1914-1962)
***Eugene Goossens (1893-1962)
***Jacques Ibert (1890-1962)
***John Ireland (1879-1962)
***Fritz Kreisler (1875-1962)
*'''2014'''
**''终身加70年的国家（欧盟和欧洲大部分地区）''
***Sergei Wassiljewitsch Rachmaninow (1873-1943)
*** Josef Venantius von Wöss (1863-1943)，许多钢琴简化版
*'''2016'''
**''终身加50年的国家（加拿大，中国，日本，南韩，等）''
***Joseph Ryelandt (1870-1965)
***Edgard Varèse (1883-1965)

==参考资料==
* [http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/公有领域维基百科（公有领域）]
* [http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/training/Hirtle_Public_Domain.htm 一个非常有用的表格]，关于美国著作权法（Cornell大学，语言：英语）。
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_situations_by_country 维基百科（著作权情况，按国家，语言：英语）]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries'_copyright_length 维基百科（每个国家的著作权期长度列表，语言：英语）]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_copyright_law 维基百科（加拿大著作权法，语言：英语）]
* [http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/C-42/index.html 加拿大著作权法，语言：英语] (章节:[http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/C-42/page-2.html#anchorbo-ga:l_I-gb:s_6 著作权期限，语言：英语])
* [http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.zh 世界知识产权组织]，提供所有国家的立法文本。
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-U.S._copyrights 维基百科（非美国著作权，语言：英语）]

==参见==
* [[Historical Publication Info]]（英文）

Template:OtherLangs:公有领域

2011-04-17T18:05:12Z

Will W W:

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<center><span style="color:crimson">'''请注意：IMSLP不能保证此网页上所有的信息在法律上是正确无误的。为此，IMSLP不承担任何责任或法律责任。</span></center>
<br>
== 加拿大版权基础 ==
'''请注意，版权又名著作权。公有领域在香港名公共领域。'''

因为IMSLP的两台主服务器位于加拿大（一台在蒙特利尔，一台在多伦多），IMSLP遵守'''加拿大版权法'''，其可能与您所在国家的版权法有所不同。加拿大版权法最简短的总结是'''作曲家以及（如果存在的）其他作者，在去世后50年内拥有版权'''。

只有在WTO（世界贸易组织）成员国或伯尔尼公约签署国首次出版的作品才受加拿大版权法保护。不过，这在大多数情况下是追溯应用，除非作品在两公约之一签署时已经在本国（即首次出版的国家）位于公有领域。<br>

有些作品在美国位于公有领域，但在加拿大和其他国家尚不位于公有领域。这是由于美国法律对1978年前出版的作品，从首次出版之日起计算时间。如果该作品在1923年前初版（请参见[[公有领域#美国1923前版权法|1923前版权法]]），或者在1923至1963年间在美国初版而没有版权更新（请参见[[公有领域#美国1923-1963版权法|1923-1963版权法]]），则几乎可以肯定在美国位于公有领域。目前，IMSLP没有位于美国的服务器，因此当前在美国位于公有领域的作品无法在这里发布，例如Dover版的斯特拉文斯基“春之祭”。

'''请注意：某一乐谱的总版权长度（即进入公有领域前的长度）等于给了三个有关方（作曲家，出版商，和编辑，如果有的话）的最长的版权期限。'''例如，一张1985年Henle出版的贝多芬奏鸣曲复刻版乐谱受版权法保护（据主编编者的作品未进入公有领域，加上这版的初始排版也受版权保护，而且25年德国净版（urtext）版权期仍然有效）。然而，1995年的Dover版，只不过是一个旧版的重印，''是属于''公有领域（除了标题页和封面外，即Dover添加的页等；出版商没有版权因为这版的初始排版属于公有领域；公有领域排版的重印没有版权）。版权声明通常可在乐谱第一页的底部找到。

我们期望上传者大量努力保证'''上传的作品位于加拿大公有领域。'''请加相应的评注到作品页或文件条目上。虽然位于加拿大公有领域但在美国受保护的作品允许加入存档，扫描并上传这样的作品，对于住在美国的用户，有可能构成违反美国法律。与加拿大和欧盟法律相反，任何1978年以前出版的作品的''首次出版日期''对确定美国版权情况绝对重要。

以下表格列出了版权情况的简要概述。 '''请注意，这些表格只列出某首作品在那种条件下属于公有领域，在加拿大（及版权期是寿命加上50年的国家）美国，欧盟，俄罗斯（及版权期是寿命加上70年的国家)'''。这是2011年的情况。除了在美国以外（出版日期最重要），限制年1941和1960每年都会改变。所谓“作者”指作曲家，配器作曲家，编曲家，或编者。'''

===<center><font size=3>'''在1923年<u>之前</u>首次出版的作品的版权，如果作者已知'''</font></center>===

{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%" style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:10px"
|-
!作者去世!!加拿大，<br>终身加50年的国家!!美国!!欧盟，俄罗斯，<br>终身加70年的国家!!IMSLP上使用的模板
|-

| < {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域<br>（终身加50年）</center>
|rowspan="3" style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域<br>（所有意图和目的之内无例外†）</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域（终身加70年）</center>
| 无：永远是公有领域

|-
| {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}

|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受版权保护</center>
| 作品：[[Template:WorkNonPD-EU]]

|-
| > {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受版权保护</center>
|
{|
|-
|作曲家：[[Template:Copyright]]
|-
|作品：[[Template:Work1923]] <br>
|-
|文件：[[Template:File1923]]（'''美国服务器托管！'''）
|}
|}
*†（某些1909年后出版的外国作品可能在美国西部各州受美国第九巡回上诉法院管辖范围下的保护。）

===<center><font size=3>'''在1923年<u>之后</u>首次出版的作品的版权，如果作者已知'''</font></center>===

{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%" style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:10px"
|-
!作者去世!!加拿大，<br>终身加50年的国家!!美国!!欧盟，俄罗斯，<br>终身加70年的国家!!IMSLP上使用的模板
|-

|-

| < {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域（终身加50年）</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受版权保护，<br>除非提供非续期与强制执行通知书地位证明‡</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域（终身加70年）</center>
| [[Template:WorkNonPD-US]]<br> [[Template:FileNonPD-US]]

|-
| {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受版权保护，<br>除非提供非续期与强制执行通知书地位证明‡</center>
|rowspan="2" style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受版权保护</center>
|
{|
|作曲家：[[Template:ComposerNonPD-USandEU]]
|-
|作品：[[Template:WorkNonPD-USandEU]]<br>
|-
|文件：[[Template:FileNonPD-USandEU]]
|}

|-
| > {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受版权保护</center>
|
{|
|作曲家：[[Template:Copyright]]
|-
|作品：[[Template:WorknotPD]] <br>
|-
|文件：[[Template:FilenotPD]]
|}
|}
    ‡（美国：非续期与强制执行通知书地位证明只适用于1923年至1963年发表的作品。所有1964年至1977年出版的作品已自动续期，享受首次出版后95年的任期。1978年和之后发表的作品受终身加70年的版权保护。）

===<center><font size=3>'''企业版权的作品，作者未知'''</font></center>===

{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="90%" style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:10px"
|-
!发表年!!加拿大，<br>终身加50年的国家!!美国!!欧盟，俄罗斯，<br>终身加70年的国家!!IMSLP上使用的模板
|-
| < 1923
|rowspan=3 style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域（发表加50年）</center>
|style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域</center>
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:rgb(180,250,175)"|<center>公有领域发表<br>（发表加70年，大多数国家）</center>
| 无：永远是公有领域

|-
| 1923-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-71}}
|rowspan=3 style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受版权保护（发表加95年），<br>除非在1996年已经在首次出版的国家进入公有领域</center>
|文件：[[Template:FileNonPD-US]]

|-
| {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}-{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受版权保护</center>
|文件：[[Template:FileNonPD-USandEU]]

|-
| > {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-51}}
|style="background-color:rgb(250,150,100)"|<center>受版权保护</center>
|文件：[[Template:FilenotPD]]

|}
<br>

==Editions of Public Domain Works==
===Determining the Type of Edition===
There is no copyright in Canada purely in the act of publication itself. Thus any non-edited reprint or re-engraving of a public domain edition is also public domain. However, in the case that there is significant anonymous editing, Canadian copyright law does state that copyright persists for publication + 50 years for such works, or until the editor becomes publicly known, in which case it reverts back to the life + 50 years. However, because of the uncertain nature, the use of this clause is discouraged. Unlike Canada, the date of publication is extremely significant in determining the public domain status of works in the US (see [[Public domain#US pre-1923 copyright law|Pre-1923 copyright law]]). The term "edition" or the credit "edited by" has been liberally applied by publishers for items ranging from serious re-arrangements and re-orchestrations of the original work to completely unaltered reprints of older, public domain scores.

Insignificant editorial contributions have no copyright in themselves, whereas significant ones often do. For an edition to qualify for a full term of the editor's life+50 years (or indeed any copyright term at all), the editor's contribution to the work must be of a significant and original nature - referred to in legal terms as the "threshold of originality". The following is a non-exhaustive list of significant and insignificant editing actions:

*Most Significant: Transcriptions, orchestrations, arrangements, creative realizations of continuo or figured bass parts.
*Less Significant: Adding original (new) fingerings, articulations, slurs, dynamic and tempo markings, routine chordal realizations of figured basses.
*Insignificant: Transposition, error correction, translation of common expressions and instrument names.
*Insignificant: Adding fingerings, articulations, slurs, dynamic and tempo markings from other public domain sources.

===净版 or Critical Editions===
There are special provisions in several countries for a limited copyright for scholarly editions, which include critical, urtext or "scientific" editions (notably those of Bärenreiter and other German publishers). Please read the [[Public domain#Copyright Laws by Country or Territory|Copyright Laws by Country or Territory]] section for more detailed information. Although it is unlikely that this type of edition, apart from any editorial prefaces, annotations and commentary, contains insufficient original material to qualify for copyright status in Canada, IMSLP as a courtesy voluntarily prohibits the posting of critical or urtext edtions published less than 25 years ago, with the exception of those issued by government agencies or government-owned corporations (such as those issued by the USSR state publishing concern before the late 1991 demise of the Soviet Union).

===Posthumously Published Works (Editio Princeps)===
Works that are first published after the expiration of the copyright term of that composer enjoy a limited copyright term in most countries under the ''Editio Princeps'' concept. In most countries, including the EU countries, this term is 25 years after first publication. Some countries are more strict about what qualifies as first publication, however. In the case of long-dead composers, a public performance might count as the first publication for the purpose of determining which works qualify for ''editio princeps'' in some countries.
=====加拿大=====
Any work which was "performed or delivered" in a composer's lifetime counts as being "published." For the purpose of calculating the copyright term, the date of performance or delivery counts as publication.
*Works created after July 25, 1997 are protected for the author's lifetime plus 50 years.
*Works created before July 25, 1997 fall into three categories.
#The work of a deceased author that is published, performed or delivered prior to July 25, 1997, will retain copyright from the date of publication (performance or delivery), plus 50 years, to the end of that calendar year.
#The unpublished work of an author who was deceased during the 50 years prior to July 25, 1997 (died after July 25, 1947), retained copyright until December 31, 1997 (the remainder of the calendar year in which Bill C-32 came into force), plus 50 years following the end of that calendar year. The unpublished, unperformed or undelivered works of authors who died after July 25, 1947 will therefore enter Canada's public domain on January 1, 2048.
#The unpublished work of an author who deceased more than 50 years prior to July 25, 1997, retains copyright until December 31, 1997 (the remainder of the calendar year in which Bill C-32 came into force), plus five years following the end of that calendar year. The unpublished, unperformed or undelivered works of authors who died before July 25, 1947 entered Canada's public domain on January 1, 2003.

=====欧洲联盟=====
*In the EU, no additional copyright is granted to the publisher, and the copyright expires with that of the author for works first published before the expiration of the normal copyright term. However individual EU countries, the UK in particular, might have transitional term extensions for works in this category.

=====美国=====
*Works first published posthumously between 1923 and 1977 with the proper copyright notice, registration and renewal are protected up to 95 years, while works of this nature first published from 1978-2002 are protected until Jan. 1, 2049. Works of authors dead more than 70 years first published after 2002 are not subject to any copyright protection themselves, but only as a new edition or other derivative work.

===重印版===
Reprint editions of publications that are in public domain are not subject to copyright in Canada, the USA, the EU, and most (if not all) or the world. This is not only the case for paper reprints, but also for scanned reprints available on digital media or on the web. No copyright can be claimed on the scanning of a public domain work (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgeman_Art_Library_v._Corel_Corp. Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp. case]), regardless of whether the original scanned is in printed or manuscript form.

==国际版权条约==
:''请参见：''
:*[http://www.wipo.int/treaties/zh/ip/berne/index.html 伯尔尼公约]
:*[http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/保护文学和艺术作品伯尔尼公约伯尔尼公约（维基百科）]
:*[[wikipedia:Wikipedia:Public_domain#Rule_of_the_shorter_term|Rule of the shorter term]]
:*[[wikipedia:List_of_parties_to_international_copyright_treaties|List of parties to international copyright treaties (look up TRIPS agreement here]]
:*[http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ38a.pdf International Copyright Relations of the United Stats] - lists bilateral treaties
===[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_the_shorter_term Rule of the Shorter Term]===

====伯尔尼公约签约国====
This rule basically states that if a work is in the public domain in the country of origin, it is also public domain in any signatory country to the Berne convention that has formally opted to apply the Rule. This rule has '''not''' been adopted by the USA or Canada, though Canada applies a form of "Rule of the Shorter Term" for works originating in non-NAFTA countries (section 9).

The European Union applies the Rule of the Shorter Term for works whose country of origin is outside the EU. Thus, a work by an American composer which entered the public domain in the USA, is not granted any additional protection in the EU, unless it happens to be covered under a bilateral treaty made between the USA and the EU country in question.

The principle of Country of Origin has not clearly been defined and is thus subject to interpretation. It can be defined by the nationality of the author, or by the country or countries of first publication of the work.

====北美自由贸易协定缔约方之间====
加拿大版权（章节9（2））规定：
''"Authors who are nationals of any country, other than a country that is a party to the North American Free Trade Agreement, that grants a term of protection shorter than that mentioned in subsection (1) are not entitled to claim a longer term of protection in Canada."''

An important implication of this paragraph is that U.S. publications, pre-1923, are '''not''' automatically public domain in Canada as the U.S.A. is member of the NAFTA.

The applicable NAFTA paragraph says:
Article 1703: National Treatment

1. Each Party shall accord to nationals of another Party treatment no less favorable than that it<br> accords to its own nationals with regard to the protection and enforcement of all intellectual<br> property rights.

==各国家或地区的版权法==
===澳大利亚===
任何在1954年或之前去世的作家一生内发表的作品不受版权保护。在1955年或之后去世的作家的作品版权期限是70年。
===欧洲联盟===
The primary objective of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_on_harmonising_the_term_of_copyright_protection 93/98/EC Copyright Directive], consolidated in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_2006/116/EC 2006/11/EC Directive], was the harmonization of the copyright term for EU countries at life-plus-70 years, including a restoration to copyright status for works which had entered the public domain member countries with life-plus-50 terms at the time. Ariticle 5 is of particular importance with respect to editions of public domain music and states that member states may protect "critical and scientific publications of works which have come into the public domain" for a ''maximum of thirty years'' after publication (italics added). Article 4 grants copyright to the publisher of a public domain work which was previously unpublished for 25 years after the date of first publication (Editio Princeps), provided that the work in question is "legally published" in accordance with the specific laws of the country in which such publication occurs.
===捷克共和国===
所有捷克政府的作品都属于公有领域。这明显影响到Artia/Orbis/SNKLHU/Supraphon，一个1948年至1989年的政府机构。请查看[http://www.osa.cz/upload/czech_copyright_act.pdf 捷克共和国版权法]（文件托管于OSA，捷克作家人权组织）。
===英国===
基本版权期是最后在世作者寿命加上70年。匿名版享受出版后70年的版权保护。如果没有出版，匿名版享受创建后70年的版权保护。

英国有个特殊法律有关[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/official-publications/publishing-guidance/copyright-in-typographical-arrangement.htm “排印安排（英文）”]。“排印安排”基本上是意味着重新刻印。“版式设计”只受发表长度加25年的版权保护[http://www.copyrightservice.co.uk/copyright/p01_uk_copyright_law （请看“英国版权法”，语言：英文）]。这会影响到很多迁移到英国的德国出版社（如Eulenburg）。

===法国===
从1995年1月1日起，基本版权期是最后在世作者寿命加上70年。匿名版享受出版后70年的版权保护。如果没有出版，匿名版享受创建后70年的版权保护。There is 30 extra years for authors who 'died in action' (like Jehan Alain). In addition, posthumous works are copyrighted 25 years from the year of publication. However, protection of musical works enjoys special time extension compensating for the war period (WWI and WWII). For composers who died before January 1, 1995, the time protection after death is 78 years and 120 days for works published between January 1, 1921 and December 31, 1947 and 84 years and 272 days for works published until December 31, 1920. This is why none of Ravel’s work is Public Domain in France in 2009 while it is so in many European countries.
[http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/fr/fr062en.html], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_copyright_law], [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droit_d%27auteur_en_France],[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prorogations_de_guerre]

===德国===
基本版权期是最后在世作者寿命加上70年。匿名版享受出版后70年的版权保护。如果没有出版，匿名版享受创建后70年的版权保护。Posthumous first-time publications are protected for only 25 years after publication.

As per [http://www.iuscomp.org/gla/statutes/UrhG.htm#70 Article 70] of the German Urheberrechtsgesetz (copyright law), scientific editions, which is to say editions which are produced as a result of scientific analysis (i.e. scholarly or critical editions and urtext), have a copyright length of only publication + 25 years, meaning that all such scientific editions published in Germany before 1983 are in the public domain there. However, arrangements, transcriptions, orchestrations, continuo realizations, and interpretative editions enjoy a full term of protection of life-plus-70 years.

===匈牙利===
* Basic protection: 70 years p.m.a.
* Posthumous publication: 25 years post-publication

::See also: [[Neue Liszt-Ausgabe]]

===意大利===
* Basic protection: 70 p.m.a.
* Scientific and critical editions: 20 years [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/it/it112en.html]
* ''Rights belonging to the State, the provinces, the communes, the academies or public cultural organizations, or to private legal entities of a non-profit making character'': 20 years

===葡萄牙===
Portugal's basic copyright term is only '''50 years''' after death of the last surviving author ''(even in the case of posthumously published works''), or 50 years after publication if no author is identified. Portuguese copyright law reserves a separate article for ''Translation, arrangement, instrumentation, dramatization, filming and, in general, any transformation of a work'' but does not clearly specify a copyright protection for these works. ([http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=129418 Law text at WIPO])

===俄罗斯／苏联===
The present Russian copyright law is extremely complicated. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_in_Russia WP]). '''Basically, works of authors who died before 1953 are in public domain, whereas authors died 1953 or later are protected for 70 years'''. The law of Tzarist Russia was very similar to that of Germany, where works were granted a copyright term of life plus 50 years. However, Russia was ''not'' a signatory to the Berne Copyright Treaty (1888) and works of Russian composers were protected in Europe only via co-publication agreements between Russian publishers like Jurgenson and Bessel with firms in the West like D. Rahter, Bote & Bock, and Breitkopf & Härtel.

With the communist revolution of 1917, this situation changed drastically. Individual copyright was abolished along with all other forms of property ownership. This change was disasterous for the copyright status of Russian composers - even those living in the West like Prokofiev, Rachmaninov, and Stravinsky. Since all works - whether Soviet or foreign - effectively became the property of the state in the USSR, all Soviet works were held to be public domain in Western countries, even those of expatriate Soviet citizens. In order to comply with treaties to secure Western copyright status for works of Soviet authors, the Soviet goverment finally introduced a limited term of publication plus 15 years in the 1930s. However, the Soviet state (USSR) completely controlled publication of all works of living or deceased persons on which the state acclaimed copyright. Although the original works of Soviet composers have been given copyright status elsewhere thanks to several treaties, editions of public domain works issued by [[Muzgiz|Muzyka]], the Soviet state music publishing agency, are generally considered to be in the public domain, as they were prepared by state employees working for a government agency, and the copyright owner (the USSR) ceased to exist in late 1991.
::''See also: [[Neue Liszt-Ausgabe]]''

===美国===
====Works published before 1923====
Basically, all works published before 1923 are in the public domain in the US. At present, except for a bizarre ruling from the US 9th Circuit Court of Appeals that affects only the western states, ''any work'' published before 1923 is public domain in the US, regardless of where it was first published.

Reference: [http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/training/Hirtle_Public_Domain.htm Cornell University's copyright center], though there are more.

====Works published between 1923 and 1963====
In the U.S., works of US authors and proprietors that are published in 1923-1963 are in the public domain '''if the copyright is not renewed''' or '''if the work was published without a proper copyright notice'''. Currently, the only way to ascertain renewal status for works published before 1950 is to conduct a formal search of the US Copyright Office records in person or pay for a formal search by the copyright office itself. Later records are available online at the [http://www.copyright.gov/records/ US copyright office website]. This database indexes only records from 1978, which include the renewals for works first published in 1950. Non-music records from 1923-1977 are indexed at [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/11800 Project Gutenberg].

====U.S. Copyright Restoration for Foreign Works published between 1923 and 1978====
Some foreign works from this period that were formerly public domain due to failure to comply with notice and renewal provisions of the US law have been restored to copyright status due to the provisions of the GATT/TRIPS amendments (effective Jan. 1, 1996) provided the work in question was not already public domain in its country of origin. Works that were public domain in their country of origin as of 1 January 1996, are not eligible for restoration of U.S. copyright. In other cases, US copyright laws applies. for details, read the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-U.S._copyrights Wikipedia article].

====美国政府的作品====
所有美国政府部门的作品属于公有领域。

==唱片==
唱片版权包含两个层次：
* 1）唱片的音乐作品的版权状况；
* 2）声音录音本身的版权。
这章节所提述的期限长度只涉及到声音录音本身的版权。关于基础音乐作品的版权，请看[[Template:OtherLangs:公有领域#加拿大版权基础|这文章的主文]]。
====欧盟====
唱片在'''合法发表后50年'''进入公有领域。
====加拿大====
唱片版权持续到唱片首次固定'''日历年年底之后50年'''。“首次固定”是录音时间时，当表演“固定”到磁带或其他有形媒介物的日期。表演者的表演受唱片首次固定后50年的版权保护，或表演之后50年，如果没有固定。
====美国====
唱片直到1972年才受美国版权法保护。所有在该日期之前作出的唱片，包括1923年之前出版的唱片，直到2067年2月15日都可能受到版权保护。这是由于这些唱片可能是根据普通法版权和各国贸易法律的保护。在1972年2月15日到1989年3月1日之间，没有规定通知发表的唱片都可能是公有领域，尤其是在1972年和1977年发表的唱片。1978年1月1日之后，通知遗漏或错误可纠正，如果是在遗漏或错误发生之内5年向版权办公室申请。

==模板和相应分类==
'''作曲家'''
{|style="margin-left:20px; border:1px solid gray"
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:Copyright|Copyright]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Non-Public Domain Composers]]
|非公有领域版权作曲家
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:ComposerNonPD-USandEU|ComposerNonPD-USandEU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:ComposerNonPD-USandEU]]
|非美国公有领域、非欧盟作曲家
|}

'''作品'''
{|style="margin-left:20px; border:1px solid gray"
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:Work1923|Work1923]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Works1923]]
|1923年的作品
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorkNonPD-USandEU|WorkNonPD-USandEU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:WorkNonPD-USandEU]]
|非美国公有领域、非欧盟作品
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorkNonPD-EU|WorkNonPD-EU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:WorkNonPD-EU]]
|非欧盟公有领域作品
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorkNonPD-US|WorkNonPD-US]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:WorkNonPD-US]]
|非美国公有领域作品
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:WorknotPD|WorknotPD]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Works not in public domain]]
|非公有领域作品
|}

'''文件'''
{|style="margin-left:20px; border:1px solid gray"
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:File1923|File1923]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:File1923]]
|1923年的文件
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FileNonPD-USandEU|FileNonPD-USandEU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-USandEU]]
|非美国公有领域、非欧盟文件
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FileNonPD-EU|FileNonPD-EU]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-EU]]
|非欧盟公有领域文件
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FileNonPD-US|FileNonPD-US]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-US]]
|非美国公有领域文件
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:FilenotPD|FilenotPD]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Files not in public domain]]
|非公有领域文件
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:CopyrightPermGranted|CopyrightPermGranted]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:FileNonPD-PermissionGranted]]
|获得版权许可证
|-
|<code>{{[[Template:Urtext|Urtext]]}}</code>
|[[:Category:Urtext]]
|净版
|}

==在未来数年将进入公有领域的作曲家==
*'''2011'''
**''终身加70年的国家（欧盟和欧洲大部分地区）''
***Paul Juon (1872-1940)
**''终身加50年的国家（加拿大，中国，日本，南韩，等）''
***Hugo Alfvén (1872-1960)
***Ernst Dahlke (1877-1960)
***Ernő Dohnányi (1877-1960)
***Mátyás Seiber (1906-1960)
*'''2012'''
**''终身加70年的国家（欧盟和欧洲大部分地区）''
***Ignace Paderewski
***Frank Bridge
***Christian Sinding
***Wilhelm Kienzl (1857-1941)
**''终身加50年的国家（加拿大，中国，日本，南韩，等）''
***York Bowen (1884-1961)
***Percy Grainger (1882-1961)
***Uuno Klami (1900-1961)
***Carlos Salzédo (1885-1961)
*'''2013'''
**''终身加70年的国家（欧盟和欧洲大部分地区）''
***Alexander von Zemlinsky (1871-1942)
***Hugo Distler (1908-1942)
**''终身加50年的国家（加拿大，中国，日本，南韩，等）''
***Alfred Cortot (1877-1962)
***Irving Fine (1914-1962)
***Eugene Goossens (1893-1962)
***Jacques Ibert (1890-1962)
***John Ireland (1879-1962)
***Fritz Kreisler (1875-1962)
*'''2014'''
**''终身加70年的国家（欧盟和欧洲大部分地区）''
***Sergei Wassiljewitsch Rachmaninow (1873-1943)
*** Josef Venantius von Wöss (1863-1943)，许多钢琴简化版
*'''2016'''
**''终身加50年的国家（加拿大，中国，日本，南韩，等）''
***Joseph Ryelandt (1870-1965)
***Edgard Varèse (1883-1965)

==参考资料==
* [http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/公有领域维基百科（公有领域）]
* [http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/training/Hirtle_Public_Domain.htm 一个非常有用的表格]，关于美国版权法（Cornell大学，语言：英语）。
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_situations_by_country 维基百科（版权情况，按国家，语言：英语）]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries'_copyright_length 维基百科（每个国家的版权期长度列表，语言：英语）]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_copyright_law 维基百科（加拿大版权法，语言：英语）]
* [http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/C-42/index.html 加拿大版权法，语言：英语] (章节:[http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/C-42/page-2.html#anchorbo-ga:l_I-gb:s_6 版权期限，语言：英语])
* [http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.zh 世界知识产权组织]，提供所有国家的立法文本。
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-U.S._copyrights 维基百科（非美国版权，语言：英语）]

==参见==
* [[Historical Publication Info]]（英文）